WPC fnd'#ae3<6HHL_}! 6 |'otя4PuN^'S%>'Pa[Ò 6>\K.܆<Ӡ󷚏>{$Ӆm >Kt EU%0eYҧS^Z MP+>^/g׋3K+^DSLÌa;j3':oh}IEAg'%i`1(sm!dzB:wo[gmz:_%sa_94?.D_L0S+qzaD/F]zFqg9:o7<Slo-1?Y08jOpő !2b$Cp̝9vOKhX3QʧfjʈhhOl^ U$> 1u2 72w4 0 D+ 1 1AAAA BE BG 0r.#U Na % m 0 0D 0c 0w) 0 0* 0 0~ 0E 0 ! 1""""""""""""""""""""""""""" C"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""UJ"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""UN##########  P#  Z#  d#  n#  x#  #  #  #  #  #  #  #  ##  #  #  #  $  $UN$$h$  ~$  $  $  $  $  $  $  $  $  $$  $$  $  $  % %  %f*%  ,%  6%a@%T%  %&  /&  9&  C&M&&'(@)oi))))pfBBB  ~    E  OfYa[  o  y         ɪ  ӪӪݪݪݪݪ A 0KLLLL       ɬ  Ӭ  ݬ       ++A<) \  `&Times New Roman3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)e5)ed Tex3|x-(e2C$ Ss!  UX1XXUXX1XXUX1  'dxdjklmnopqhG/CEIMQUY]aAutoList1i)1)a)jklmnopqhW/CEIMQUY]aAutoList2i)1)a) dCTriple 2+ d -d d(Js$  X>XXXX>XXX>HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 60(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularUXU(f(3Ѝ$ Ss!  UX1XXUXX1XXUX1      0  (#$  0  (;3$2#  0  .3  0  (O;$0  2#  a  .3  0` (#(#(b$0  0` (#(#2#   .3  0 ` (#` (#(xir$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#2#(  0  )3  0 (# (#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#2#(  a  )3  0h(#(#(F$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#2#(   )3  0h(#h(#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#2#  0  )3  0(#(#({$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#2#  a  )3  0p(#(#jklmnopqxgEgkosw{Shaded BoxShaded Check BoxoooooooodkIA`2WP TypographicSymbols(9 Z6Times New Roman Regular                    (9 Z 6Times New Roman Regular          ! " # $ % & '   ( ) *TABLE B hЍ$  UX1XXUXX1XXUX1    1    _GCVTCRecommendations,June1996,page37. + , - . hЍ$  UX1XXUXX1XXUX1    2    _64FR35770 hЍ$  UX1XXUXX1XXUX1    5    _Ԁ64FR35773 hЍ$  UX1XXUXX1XXUX1    3    _ԀGrandCanyonVisibilityTransportCommissionReport,June1996,pagesxxi. hЍ$  UX1XXUXX1XXUX1    4    _GrandCanyonVisibilityTransportCommissionReport,June1996,page33.*OLE*WPC@@>>>>!>>     G' """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3ff333f333333333f33333333f33f3ff3f3f3f3333f33̙33333f333333f3333f3ffffff3f33ff3f3f3f3fff3ffffffffff3ffff̙fff3fffff3fff333f3f3ff3ff33f̙̙3̙ff̙̙̙3f̙3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3f3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3ffffffffff!___www45'  ' G "--  B "--'-- G - "- $fa8a8ffa "-afa88faf--'-- G--'-- B--'-- 9af--'-- :_f "- -  $vvv$$(($_vv__$$7773f - 3f$$$(>>(($vvv$$G'G'G--'-- 3f9af--'-- 3fG "-af f Arial3-afsasf<a<fafafafaaaff8ffOO88Arial - ArialG------"Systemn-'--- 3fA--  2  Regional SO- 2 '%2 -2 . Milestones----'--- G---'--- G----'--- G 2 *3000002 k*4000002 4*5000002 *6000002 *7000002 *8000002 Y*900000---'--- G---'--- G  2 }19902 2000* 2 2003 2 f2008 2 2013 2 2018---'--- G Arial3- - - ---'- -- ((  Arial- 2 & tons/year-  - ---'- -- G--  ---'--- ---'---  "- -   '2 Suspended Smelters In  ---'--- ---'---  "- 3f - 3f UK (2 YSuspended Smelters Out   ---'---  ---'---  G---'---  G "-  -   B- -' G '  'WPWin 6.0/OLE 1.0 Prefix Information MarkerExcel.Sheet.8Nࡱ> %  !"#$Root Entry Fw"Ole 7CompObjfWorkbook% 'F! WP 7 [0] FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qGGOh+'08@`t Division of Air Quality Jim Soubyf Microsoft Excel@V   A\p Jim Souby Ba=f="X <X@"1 Arial1 Arial1 Arial1 Arial1 Arial1 Arial1 Arial1 Arial1^ Arial1 Arial1 Arial1^ Arial1 Arial1r Arial1r Arial16 Arial1 Arial16 Arial1 Arial1 Arial"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_)#,##0.0_);[Red]\(#,##0.0\)4/_(* #,##0.0_);_(* \(#,##0.0\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_)0+_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_)                + ) , *    &   @@  (@  ( @    & ` Chart1 Milestones?#Sheet3bZ  3  @@  w3Interim Milestones for SO2 backstop trading program2000*Suspended Smelters InSuspended Smelters Out5 0o0@\T0Ep0b̵0b.hb10BT0@by7u bub,_Huu8bhDbnNebT008buhuHuywBwBTHub*\bHuuIr0bbbbGeubT0'eTvS0Hbt00,b*ebT0^n00b 00Ԣ0bbb0bbtb0bpbPercent0]hb|0|0hb bΝ0 b0>ǂ_T0=l0[He0H[0[H u%bT0 b\eu ub@b|0b~0BT0b b,bu0(1T0,bbbhb|0bbb*b0bb 0b  A"`ltDA8??i3` m ` m ` m ` 4&d` m ` #d` #d?{3d23 M NM4 3Q: .Suspended Smelters InQi ;Q ;Q3_ O   MM<4E4 3Q: 0Suspended Smelters OutQi ;Q ;Q3_4E4D $% M 3O&Q4$% M 3O&Q4FA ] 3Of 3 bM&43*OA@w+Aj@#M&4% M,MZ3OE&Q  tons/year'4523  NM43"  3O% M3O&Q4444% Q5M03O-2&P  Q 2Regional SO2 Milestones'44e199019902000*2000*20032003200820082013201320182018e_)A_)A)\l&A)\l&A%A $A%A$A0#A#A ALAe>   A  dMbP?_*+%M\\UTSTATE\air-hp5siW odXLetterPRIV''''0 "dX??U} } $ } I }  }  } I T0bb ~ @ L@`@t@@ ~ _)A%)\l&ADףp= ?%A%A0#A A ~ _)A%)\l&ADףp= ? $A$A#ALAP&Rqq( @A@@A p  6NMM?]`  A"??3` #d` m ` m  ` #d ` m ` m ` 4&d  3d23 M NM4 3Q: .Suspended Smelters InQi ;Q ;Q3_ O   MM<4E4 3Q: 0Suspended Smelters OutQi ;Q ;Q3_4E4D $% M 3O& Q4$% M 3O& Q4FAy 3O 3 bM&43*jA#M&4% CuMZ3OM& Q  tons/year'4523  NM43"  (3O % M3O& Q4444% P&mM03OT6&P Q 2Regional SO2 Milestones'44eee >@?  A  dMbP?_*+%"???iU> @  %"??iU> @  ?_*+%" ??iU>@ BOlePartOlePres000RSummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8A<L4     G' """)))UUUMMMBBB999|PP3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3ff333f333333333f33333333f33f3ff3f3f3f3333f33̙33333f333333f3333f3ffffff3f33ff3f3f3f3fff3ffffffffff3ffff̙fff3fffff3fff333f3f3ff3ff33f̙̙3̙ff̙̙̙3f̙3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3f3f333f3333f3ffffff3f̙3f3ffffffffff!___www45'  ' G "--  B "--'-- G - "- $fa8a8ffa "-afa88faf--'-- G--'-- B--'-- 9af--'-- :_f "- -  $vvv$$(($_vv__$$7773f - 3f$$$(>>(($vvv$$G'G'G--'-- 3f9af--'-- 3fG "-af f Arial3-afsasf<a<fafafafaaaff8ffOO88Arial - ArialG------"Systemn-'--- 3fA--  2  Regional SO- 2 '%2 -2 . Milestones----'--- G---'--- G----'--- G 2 *3000002 k*4000002 4*5000002 *6000002 *7000002 *8000002 Y*900000---'--- G---'--- G  2 }19902 2000* 2 2003 2 f2008 2 2013 2 2018---'--- G Arial3- - - ---'- -- ((  Arial- 2 & tons/year-  - ---'- -- G--  ---'--- ---'---  "- -   '2 Suspended Smelters In  ---'--- ---'---  "- 3f - 3f UK (2 YSuspended Smelters Out   ---'---  ---'---  G---'---  G "-  -   B- -' G '  '՜.+,D՜.+,< PXh px DSHWCh   MilestonesSheet3Chart1  WorksheetsCharts 6> _PID_GUIDAN{6BC43802-6314-11D4-90B6-009027BA1813} METAFILEPICTA< A>(($vvv$$G'G'G--'-- 3f9af--'-- 3fG "-af f Arial3-afsasf<a<fafafafaaaff8ffOO88Arial - ArialG------"Systemn-'--- 3fA--  2  Regional SO- 2 '%2 -2 . Milestones----'--- G---'--- G----'--- G 2 *3000002 k*4000002 4*5000002 *6000002 *7000002 *8000002 Y*900000---'--- G---'--- G  2 }19902 2000* 2 2003 2 f2008 2 2013 2 2018---'--- G Arial3- - - ---'- -- ((  Arial- 2 & tons/year-  - ---'- -- G--  ---'--- ---'---  "- -   '2 Suspended Smelters In  ---'--- ---'---  "- 3f - 3f UK (2 YSuspended Smelters Out   ---'---  ---'---  G---'---  G "-  -   B- -' G '  '  C#  UX1XXUXX1XXUX1  _ 3 Figure  1   . / 0 hЍ$  UX1XXUXX1XXUX1    6    _Ԁ64FR35773 1 2TABLE A 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : ; < =Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5. 3&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK( $ Figure  1  > ? @ A B C D E F GH H I  e     hЍ$  UX1XXUXX1XXUX1    7    _ ` GCVTCRecommendations,June1996,page89. Ss!  UX1XXUXX1XXUX1  _  %   OaII.EXPLANATIONOFDECISIONS ed  uAN&) xdoExA  InthisAnnextotheGrandCanyonVisibilityTransportCommissionRecommendations,the L WesternRegionalAirPartnership(WRAP)providesdetailstotheEnvironmentalProtection 8 Agency(EPA)regardingregionalsulfurdioxide(SO2)emissionsmilestonesandabackstop  $ tradingprogramthatwouldbetriggeredifthemilestonesarenotmetinfutureyears.Thedetails   oftheprogramarecomplexandinterrelated.Decisionsmaderegardingoneelementofthe   programmayonlybeacceptabletothestakeholdersthathaveparticipatedinthisprocesswithin    thecontextofexpectationsforhowotherportionsoftheprogramwouldfunction.Forthis    reason,theAnnexneedstobeviewedasanoverallpackage,recognizingthattheneedsof p  variousstakeholdershavebeenbalancedtoachieveaprogramthatallofthestakeholderscan \  accept.Anyfuturechangestothemilestonesandbackstoptradingprogramwouldneedtobe H  viewedwithinthiscontext,recognizingthatchangingoneelementmayhaveripplingeffects 4  throughouttheentireprogram.  p  TheRegionalHazeRulethatwaspublishedonJuly1,1999outlinestwopathsthatStatesand H TribesmayfollowtoaddresstheimpactsofregionalhazeonClassIareaswithintheir 4 jurisdiction.ThisAnnexoutlinesthestationarysourcerequirementsthatwouldbeadoptedbya   StateorTribeiftheychoosetoimplementtheGrandCanyonVisibilityTransportCommission   Recommendations.StatesandTribesmayalsochoosetoaddressregionalhazebyadoptinga  differentsetofstrategiesunder308oftherule.The_submittal_ԀoftheAnnexbytheWRAPdoes  notcommitanyStateorTribetoadopttheseprovisionsintotheirStateorTribalImplementation  Plans(_SIPs_Ԁor_TIPs_).TheStatesandTribesintheVisibilityTransportRegionwillworkclosely l togetheroverthenextfewyearstofinalizethecompletepackageofstrategiesrecommendedby X theGrandCanyonCommission,andwillmakefinaldecisionsbyDecember31,2003regarding D theirparticipationinthebackstoptradingprogram.Tribesarenotboundbythesamedeadlines 0 astheStates,andmayhavetheopportunitytojointhisprogramatalaterdate,althoughthisisan l unresolvedissuependinglegalreviewbyEPA. X  %   A.SulfurDioxideMilestones ed    0 TheSO2milestonesestablishtheenvironmentalgoalsofthisprogram.Aslongasregional "! emissionsofSO2frommajorstationarysourcesremainbelowthesemilestones,eitherthrough #" voluntarymeasuresorthroughotherCleanAirActrequirements,allofthereductionscalledfor $# bythisprogramwillremainvoluntary.However,ifstationarysourceSO2emissionsarein |% $ excessofanyofthesemilestones,thebackstoptradingprogramwillbetriggeredtoachievethe h&!% reductionsandensurefuturemilestonesareattained.Thedeterminationofmilestonelevelshas T'"& thusbeenbothcriticalandcontroversial. @(#' Afterlengthydiscussions,theWRAPhasagreedtothefollowingregionalSO2milestonesfor *h%) stationarysourcesofSO2emittingmorethan100tonsperyear: +T&*   +@'+ _&   @ RegionalSulfurDioxideMilestonesforStationarySourcesEmittingMorethan100TPY     (TonsPerYear)  f*ddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#,dd",dd",dd",dd",dd"+  & &Year Q<@ L@2003L@Q2003 r]9@ L@2003 L@ `@2008`@r2008 r]9@ `@2008 `@ t@2013t@r2013 r]9@ t@2013 t@ @2018@r2018 E;9@ @2018 @ EMaximum p Milestone \   (SmeltersIn*) 9/ H   %A720000%A9720,000 \R,p  %A720000 %A %A715000%A\715,000 \R,p  %A715000 %A 0#A6550000#A\655,000 \R,p  0#A655000 0#A  A510000 A\510,000 8.,p  A510000  A 8Minimum   Milestone   (SmeltersOut*) 9/    $A682000 $A9682,000 \R,   $A682000  $A $A677000$A\677,000 \R,  $A677000 $A #A625000#A\625,000 \R,  #A625000 #A LA480000LA\480,000<20  LA480000  LA <' *0  TwoWesterncoppersmelters(BHPSanManuelandPhelpsDodgeCorporationHidalgo)   suspendedoperationsin1998foreconomicreasons.Asdiscussedindetaillaterinthis   document,themilestoneshavebeenestablishedwithasetasideintheeventthatthese   smeltersresumeoperationinthefuture.l (#(# 4  The1990GCVTCbaselinewasapproximately830,000tonsperyearofSO2. D 40  TheinitialGCVTCgoalisa13%reductionfromthe1990baselineinthefirstdecade, 0 equatingtoapproximately722,000tonsperyearby2000.l(#(#  %   1.MilestoneRequirements ed  D   %   a.13%Reductionby2000. ed+  ! TheGrandCanyonCommissioncommittedtoachievea13%reductioninregionalsulfurdioxide  " emissionsbetween1990and2000.  i#  1      ׀Theregionalhazerulefurtherrequiresthat, # 0  hXX1Theplansubmissionmustincludeprovisionsrequiringthemonitoringandreportingofactualstationary % sourcesulfurdioxideemissionswithintheState.Themonitoringandreportingdatamustbesufficientto D& determinewhethera13percentreductioninactualstationarysourcesulfurdioxideemissionshasoccurred X' betweentheyears1990and2000,andwhethermilestonesrequiredbysection51.309(f)(ii)havebeen ( achievedforthetransportregion.TheplansubmissionmustprovideforreportingofthesedatabytheState  ) totheAdministrator.Whereproceduresdevelopedundersection51.309(f)(2)andagreeduponbytheState T!* includereportingtoaregionalplanningorganization,theplansubmissionmustprovideforreportingtothe "h+ regionalplanningbodyinadditiontotheAdministrator.#X1Xh#z i#  2      ",,(#(# Recentemissioninventoriesshowthattheregionshouldmeetthe13%reductionlevelsetforth $. intheCommissionsRecommendation,andwillprobablyexceedthisgoal.RegionalSO2 x% / emissionsforthe1998/99timeperiodwereapproximately652,000tonsofSO2(withoperations d&!0 attwosmelterssuspendedduringthisperiod),whichisanemissionreductionof22%fromthe P'"1 1990baseline.Itisimportanttonotethattheemissionmeasurementtechniqueforutilitieshas <(#2 changedsince1990duetotherequirementsofEPAsnationalacidrainprogram.Emissionsin ()x$3 1990weremeasuredusingamassbalancetechniquewherethesulfurcontentofcoalwas  measured,andthenSO2emissionswerecalculatedbasedontheamountofcoalburnedduring  thatyear.Emissionstodayaremeasuredusingcontinuousemissionmonitoringsystems  (CEMS).TheCEMStypicallymeasurehigheremissionlevelsduetoanumberoffactors.Itis t difficulttoquantifythis CEMSBias,however,ifitwerecalculated,theactualemission ` reductionfrom1990levelscouldbeevengreaterthan22%. L  TheSIPsandTIPsthatwillimplementtheAnnexprovisionswillnotbesubmitteduntil2003. $ t TheWRAPcommitsintheAnnextodeveloparegionalemissioninventoryofSO2emissions  ` fromallstationarysourceswithemissionsgreaterthan100tons/yearofSO2fortheyear2000.  L  TheinventorywillbecollectedandqualityassuredaccordingtoexistingStateandTribalrules,  8  andthencompiledattheregionallevelbytheWRAPsEmissionForum.The2000inventory $  willthenbecomparedtothe1990inventorytoensurethatthe13%emissionreductiongoalhas   beenachieved.TheStatesandTribesthatparticipateinthebackstoptradingprogramwill   includethisregionalinventoryaspartoftheirImplementationPlansubmittalsin2003.     %   b.SteadyandContinuingEmissionReductions. *  p TheGrandCanyonVisibilityTransportCommissiontookalongtermviewtowardsimproving H visibilityinthe16ClassIAreasoftheColoradoPlateau.Thevisibilitymodelingandemission 4 reductionstrategiesweretobeanalyzedovera50yearperiodfrom1990to2040.The  p Commissiondevelopedthefollowingdefinitionofreasonableprogresstowardsimproving  \ visibility: H 8  hXX1 ReasonableProgress :ReasonableProgressreferstoprogressinreducinghumancausedhazein   ClassIareasunderthenationalvisibilitygoal.TheCleanAirActindicatesthat reasonable  shouldconsiderthecostofreducingairpollutionemissions,thetimenecessary,theenergyand Z nonairqualityenvironmentalimpactsofreducingemissions,andtheremainingusefullifeofany n existingairpollutionsourceconsideredforthesereductions.TheGCVTCPublicAdvisory 2 Committeehasdevelopedthefollowingdefinition: Reasonableprogresstowardsthenational  visibilitygoalisachievingcontinuousemissionreductionsnecessarytoreduceexistingimpairment j andattainsteadyimprovementofvisibilityinmandatoryClassIareas,andmanagingemissions . ~ growthsoastopreventperceptibledegradationofcleanairdays.#X1XhJ-#Ԁ i#  3       B    TheCommissionalsoestablishedobjectivesforthestationarysourcerecommendations: ""  jklmnopq(W/x3"j3"  hXX1j322W/3  0    toachievesignificantreductionsinsulfurdioxideemissionsinthenearterm;j32'3݌$$(#(# Ќ  "j3"  j332W/3  0    toensurereasonableprogresstowardthenationalgoalthroughcontinuingdecreasesinsulfurdioxide f% % emissionsoverthelongterm;j33,4݌*&z!&(#(# Ќ  "j3"  j3L52W/3  0    toavoidincreasesofothervisibilityreducingpollutantswithintheTransportRegionasawholefrom &>"' stationarysources.#X1Xh3#z i#  4      j3L5y5݌'#((#(# Ќ  WhenEPAadopted309oftheRegionalHazerule,specificrequirementsfortheAnnexwere v(#) establishedtoaddresstheissueofreasonableprogress. b)$* Ї0  hXX1309(f)(I)Theannexmustcontainquantitativeemissionreductionmilestonesforstationarysourcesulfur  dioxideemissionsforthereportingyears2003,2008,2013and2018.Themilestonesmustprovidefor t steadyandcontinuingemissionreductionsforthe20032018timeperiodconsistentwiththe 8 Commissionsdefinitionofreasonableprogress,itsgoalof50to70percentreductioninsulfurdioxide L emissionsfrom1990actualemissionlevelsby2040,applicablerequirementsundertheCleanAirAct,and  thetimingofimplementationplanassessmentsofprogressandidentificationofdeficiencieswhichwillbe  dueintheyears2008,2013,and2018.#X1Xh7# i#  5      H (#(# ThereareanumberofprinciplesthatwereusedbytheWRAPwhendecidingontheinterim  H milestonestobeincludedintheAnnex.  4  "j3"  0  j3?<2W/3  0` (#(#  Visibilityimprovementtonaturalconditionsisalongrangegoalthatisexpected   totake60yearsormoretoachieve.j3?<x<݌ ` (#` (# Ќ  "j3"  0  j3=2W/3  0` (#(#  Thecommitmenttoachievea13%reductioninSO2emissionsbytheyear2000   shouldnotbeunderminedbyfuturegrowthintheregion.j3==݌l ` (#` (# Ќ  "j3"  0  j3>2W/3  0` (#(#  Earlyemissionreductions,includingthesignificantreductionsthathaveoccurred D since1990shouldbeconsidered.j3>7?݌0` (#` (# Ќ  "j3"  0  j3Q@2W/3  0` (#(#  Reductionsthathavebeenlegallycommittedtobytheyear2000shouldbe X capturedinthemilestones.Reductionsthatoccurorarecommittedtoafterthe D year2000shouldoccurunderthemilestones.j3Q@@݌0` (#` (# Ќ  "j3"  0  j3 B2W/3  0` (#(#  TheCommissionstrategiesneedtobeviewedasawhole.Theremaynotbe  steadyprogressinallcategoriesatalltimes,andtheoverallpackageisneededto  ensurethatvisibilityimprovesontheColoradoPlateau.j3 BDB݌` (#` (# Ќ  "j3"  0  j3C2W/3  0` (#(#  Flexibilityatthebeginningoftheprogramisnecessarytogiveavoluntary/ h incentivebasedprogramtheopportunitytowork.j3CD݌T` (#` (# Ќ  "j3 "  0  j33E2W/3  0` (#(#  Theutilityindustryisfacinganumberofuncertaintiesatthistime.Regionalhaze , | BARTforpollutantsotherthanSO2willnotbedetermineduntilapproximately !h  2008andtheoutcomeofthosenegotiationswilldeterminethefutureviabilityof "T! someolderfacilities.Theutilityindustryalsoisconcernedthatitisfacing "@" additionaluncertaintiesfrompotentialnewcontrolsforSO2,NOx,PM,ozone, #,# CO2,mercury,andNSRreform.Thetimingoftheseisuncertain,butvarious $ $ mixesofcontrolsundertheseprogramsmayaffecttheeconomicviabilityof %!% generatingunits.Additionaluncertaintyiscausedbythefactthattheindustryis &!& beingderegulatedatanunevenpace,bringingintoquestionhowcostsfornew '"' pollutioncontrolwillbeaddressed.Delayingasignificantportionofthecapital x(#( expendituresneededtocomplywiththisprogramuntilafter2013allowsforallof d)$) thesecontrolrequirementstobemetinthemostcosteffectivemannerpossible.j33ElE݌P*%*` (#` (# Ќ  ݀ <+&+ "j3 "  0  j3J2W/3  0` (#(#  Adequateemissionreductionsneedtooccurbytheendoftheplanningcycleto  meetthereasonableprogressandregionalhazeBARTrequirementsofthe  regionalhazerule.A downpaymentisneededintheinterimyearstoensure  continuingemissionsdecreasesandsothatalloftheemissionreductionsarenot t leftuntiltheendofthislongrangeplanningcycle.Inaddition,mechanismsare ` neededtoensurethatthereductionsplannedby2018actuallydooccur,andto L  ensurethattheregiondoesnotbeginthenextplanningcyclesignificantly inthe 8  hole.j3JK݌$ t` (#` (# Ќ  "j3 "  0  j3`N2W/3  0` (#(#  Tribesstronglysupportanaggressivedefinitionofreasonableprogressandthe  L  achievementofBARTequivalentreductionsasquicklyaspossible.Atthesame  8  time,tribesneedtoensurethattribalallocationsprovideapracticalbenefit,and $  thatthetradingprogramdoesnothampereconomicdevelopmentontriballands.j3`NN݌ ` (#` (# Ќ  "j3 "  0  j3P2W/3  0` (#(#  Headroomisnecessarytoaccountfornaturalfluctuationsinproductionand   emissions,increasedutilizationofplants,dataerrors,anduncertaintyinemission   projections.Inaddition,newsourcegrowthneedstobeaccommodated.Itisalso p anticipatedthatsourceswillmanagetheiremissionsbelowthemilestonetoensure \ thattheprogramisnotaccidentallytriggeredbyanunexpectedincreasein H emissions.j3PP݌4` (#` (# Ќ  ThemilestonesdevelopedbytheWRAPgosteadilydownwardthroughouttheplanningcycle,  \ withthemostsignificantreductionsoccurringbetween2013and2018(seeFigure1).Itis H importanttonotethatthewesternUnitedStatesisgrowingrapidly,andthesemilestonesinclude 4 significantgrowthinadditiontoemissionreductionsthathavealreadybeenlegallycommittedto   intheregion.Forexample,utilityemissionsareprojectedtogrowbyapproximately50,000tons   overthistimeperiodduetoincreasedutilizationofexistingplantsandtheconstructionofnew  plantstomeetgrowingdemandforelectricity.Thisgrowthisoffsetbysignificantemission  reductionsfromtheMojaveGeneratingStationinNevadaandreductionsfromanumberof  powerplantsownedbyPublicServiceCompanyofColoradoalongtheFrontRange.  l {2E51p~1G `.."E6 .1B{ "(#"(#(#(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# "(#"(#"(#"(# (#(#"(#"(#0  *Theemissionsfor2000shownonthisgraphrepresentthegoalofa13%reductionfrom l 1990emissionsestablishedbytheGCVTC.Itisimportanttonotethatthe1990and X  2000emissionlevelsarebasedonmassbalancemeasurementsforutilities,whereasthe D! milestonesfor2003through2018representCEMmeasurements.Theoveralldifference 0"  betweenthesemeasurementtechniqueshasbeenthesubjectofmuchdiscussionandhas #l! notyetbeendefinitivelyresolved.$X"(#(# Whilethemilestonesgosteadilydownwardfrom2003to2018,theWRAPdeliberatelychoseto %0!$ provideflexibilityupfrontwhilerequiringgreaterreductionsinthelast5yearsoftheplanning &"% period.TheWRAPbelievesthatthisisconsistentwiththedefinitionofreasonableprogressas '#& envisionedbytheGrandCanyonCommission.Theoverallreductionsbetween1990and2018 (#' willbebetween39%and44%(dependingonthefutureoperationsofthesuspendedcopper )$( smelters).Thisoverallreductionprovidessignificantprogresstowardsmeetingthe |*%) Commissionsgoalof50%to70%emissionreductionsby2040.Inaddition,byproviding h+&* flexibilityintheearlyyearsoftheprogramthereisamuchgreaterpotentialtoachievethese T,'+ reductionsinacosteffectivemanner.Theregionmaybeabletobenefitfromstrategiestoattain @-(, thePM2.5andozonestandards,leadingtoacoordinatedstrategyasenvisionedintheregional  hazeruleforotherareasofthecountrywhereregionalhazeplansubmittaldatesaretiedtothe  nonattainmentplansforPM2.5.Otherprograms,suchastheairtoxicscontrolrequirementsunder  TitleIIIoftheCleanAirActmayalsohelptheregionmeettheemissionreductiongoalsbecause t therequiredcontroltechnologymayalsoreduceSO2.TheCommissionsdefinitionof ` reasonableprogressrecognizedthatcost,aswellastheotherstatutoryfactorsdescribedby L  section169AoftheCleanAirActmustbeconsideredaspartoftheoverallpicture. 8    %   c.GreaterReasonableProgressthanRegionalHazeBART. mid   ` TheregionalhazerulecontainsanadditionaltestfortheregionalSO2milestones. Theemission  8  reductionmilestonesmustbeshowntoprovideforgreaterreasonableprogressthanwouldbe $  achievedbyapplicationofbestavailableretrofittechnology(BART)pursuanttosection   51.308(e)(2)andwouldbeapprovableinlieuofBART. i#  6         AttachmentDoftheAnnexcontainsadetaileddemonstrationofhowthemilestonesdeveloped   bytheWRAPprovideforgreaterreasonableprogressthanBARTforregionalhaze.The p demonstrationoutlinestheprocessthatwasusedbytheWRAPtoestimatetheemission \ reductionsthatwouldoccurintheregionifBARTdeterminationsweremadeforallapplicable H sourcesintheregion.Additionalconsiderationsarealsoaddressedsuchasthedegreeof 4 visibilityimprovementanticipatedtobeachievedandtheincreasedbenefitsachievedby  p includingalllargestationarysourcesofSO2intheprogram.  \ Thedemonstrationisincludedasanattachmentinparttoemphasizethatthe2018milestoneisa 4 negotiated,policydrivennumber,andisnotdirectlyderivedfromemissioninventoryformulas.   TheWRAPsCommitteesandForumshaveexpendedconsiderableeffortoverthelastyearto   improvetheemissioninventoryprojectionsandtoestimatetheimpactsoffuturecontrol  requirements.Thedatahaveinformedthedebate,andtheintenseefforttoimproveand  understandthedatawasnecessaryforthestakeholdersinvolvedintheprocesstounderstandthe  impactsofvariousproposedmilestonelevels.However,therewasalsotherecognitionthatthe l datawillneverbeperfect,andthatthequestionofgreaterreasonableprogressthanBARTisa X  broaderquestionthatisalsoinformedbyotherpolicyconsiderations. D! Theremaybechangesintheemissioninventoryestimatesasthe2003SIPsaredeveloped. #l! However,theWRAPhasconfidencethatthemilestonesasdefinedinthisAnnexachievethe $X" goalsestablishedbytheGrandCanyonVisibilityTransportCommissionandtheRegionalHaze $D # Rule.ThemilestonesestablishedinthisAnnexarenotanticipatedtochangeunlessmajor %0!$ differencesintheunderlyingdatathatwereusedtodevelopthemilestonesarediscoveredduring &"% thedevelopmentoftheimplementationplansduein2003. '#&  %   2.ProvisionsforFutureAdjustmentstotheMilestones. ap  )$(    %   a.SuspendedSmelters. a1q  h+&* ЇTherearecurrentlytwosmeltersintheregionthathavetemporarilysuspendedoperationsdueto  economicconsiderations.ThetwosmeltersarethePhelpsDodgeCorporationsHidalgosmelter  inNewMexicoandBHPssmelterinSanManuel,Arizona.Itisestimatedthatthesmeltersemit  22,000tonsand16,000tonsofSO2,respectively.Uncertaintyarisesfromthefactthatitis t currentlyunknownwhethertheseshutdownswillbecomepermanentorwhetherthesmelterswill ` resumeoperation.Ifthesmeltershutdownsaretreatedastemporaryandthesmelteremissions L  areincludedinthemilestonesbutthesmeltersdonotinfactresumeoperation,thenthisaddition 8  couldinappropriatelyinflatethemilestones.Conversely,iftheshutdownsaretreatedas $ t permanentandtheemissionsforthesesourcesarenotconsideredinthedevelopmentofthe  ` milestonesbutthesmeltersresumeoperation,thenthisdeductioncouldinappropriatelyunder  L  representtheyear2000emissionsandmilestones,leadingtomilestonesthataretoolow.  8  TheAnnexcontainsprovisionsthatrecognizeandaddresstheuniqueuncertaintysurroundingthe   twosmeltersthatareshutdownforeconomicreasons.TheAnnexisdesignedtoneitherover   norunderestimatethesmelteremissionsormilestonesinlightoftheuncertainty.Theemissions   fromthetwosuspendedsmeltersarenotincludedinthemilestoneinitially.However,theAnnex   containsprovisionstoautomaticallyadjustthemilestonesupwardintheeventoneorboth p smeltersarebroughtbackonline.Thekeyelementsoftheproposedmethodologyaredescribed \ below. H (i)SmelterEmissionsProvisionallyExcludedfromMilestones.Theemissionsassociatedwith  p thetwosmelterscurrentlyshutdownforeconomicreasonsarenotinitiallyincludedinthe  \ milestonestoreflectthattheseemissionsarenot,infact,occurring.Atthesametime,itis H specificallyacknowledgedthatthemilestoneswillautomaticallybeadjustedinthefutureto 4 accountfortheemissionsfromthesetwosuspendedsmeltersiftheyresumeoperations.Ifeither   oneofthesmeltersresumesoperation,therewouldbeanallocationtothesmeltersandan   appropriate,automaticupwardadjustmenttothemilestones.Iftheseprogrammaticadjustments  werenotmadeandthebackstopcapandtradeprogramwastriggered,theentireallocationfor  regionalnewsourcegrowthcouldbeconsumedbythesesmeltersresumingoperation.  (ii)AutomaticAdjustmentofMilestonesWithoutSIPRevision.Itispossiblethatthesmelters X  couldbebroughtbackintooperationwithinayear.TheWRAPwantstoensurethattheAnnex D! andSIPsarestructuredtoadjustthemilestonesinthisevent,withouttheneedforfurtherSIP 0"  revision.Atthesametime,thereareanumberofdifferentcircumstancesinwhichthesmelters #l! couldresumeoperations,eachwithdifferentenvironmentalconsequences. $X" TheAnnexoutlinesthedifferentcircumstancesinwhichanadjustmentwouldbemadeto %0!$ addressstartupofoneorbothsmelters.Thesecircumstancesincludethefollowingscenarios: &"% 0  (1)startupofoneorbothsmeltersundercircumstancesthatdonotrequirenewsource (#' permitting,andthatreflectthebestestimateofimmediatelypastemissionslevels,)$((#(# 0  (2)startupofoneorbothsmeltersundercircumstancesthatdonotrequirenewsource h+&* permittingbutresultinsignificantlyloweremissionsbecauseofanunforeseen T,'+ development,and@-(,(#(# Ї0  (3)startupofoneorbothsmeltersundercircumstancesthatrequirenewsourcepermitting  whereemissionsmaybeequaltoorlessthanpastlevels.(#(# Inthelatterscenario,thenewemissionslevelwouldbedeterminedbytheappropriatepermitting t authority.ThedeterminationastowhetherornotasmelterneedstogothroughNSRwillbe ` baseduponcurrentEPArequirements. L  (iii)DeterminingtheAppropriateEmissionsAmounttobeReinstated.Intheeventoneorboth $ t smeltersresumeoperations,itiscriticaltodeterminetheappropriateemissionsamounttobe  ` addedtothemilestones.Thebestestimateofannualemissionsforthesesourcesisbasedon  L  theiroperationspriortoshutdown(1997/98)asfollows:  8  0  0` (#(#PhelpsDodgeCorporation,HidalgoSmelter0p` (#` (#0p(#p(#22,000tons$ (#(# 0  0` (#(#BHP,SanManuelSmelter0` (#` (#0(#(#0p(#(#0p(#p(#16,000tons (#(# Makingthisdeterminationnowhasseveralimportantpolicyadvantagesincludingbasingiton   morecurrentdata,ratherthanadeterminationmanyyearsfromnowlookingbackatpotentially   staleinformation.Further,becausethebestestimateofimmediatelypastemissionsrepresents p themaximumamountthatthemilestonescouldbeadjustedupwardintheeventthesmelters \ resumeoperation,ithelpsdefineinadvancefortheregulatedcommunityandthepublicthe H boundsoftheregionalemissionscap. 4 Atthesametime,thelevelofemissionsassociatedwiththeotherpotentialsmelterstartup  \ scenarioscannotbepinneddownfirmlyatthistimeandwilldependonavarietyofunpredictable H factors.TheAnnexoutlinestheconsiderationsthatthepermittingauthoritywillusetodefinethe 4 appropriateadjustmenttothemilestonesunderthesedifferentcircumstances.   (iv)EnsuringtheSmelterContingencyisTransparenttothePublicandRegulatedCommunity.  TheregionalhazeruleincorporatestherecommendationoftheGrandCanyonVisibility  TransportCommissiontoprovideforsteadyandcontinuingemissionreductions.TheWRAP  believesthattheevaluationofthisrequirementshouldtakeintoaccounttheuncertainty l associatedwiththesmelteremissionsstatus.Atthesametime,theWRAPrecognizesthe X  concernthoseunfamiliarwiththeprogrammayhaveiftheyperceivethemilestonesbeing D! adjustedupwardduringthemiddleofprogramimplementation.Nevertheless,theWRAP 0"  believesthemorestraightforwardapproachistorecognizethecurrentuncertaintysurrounding #l! thesmeltersandtocraftaprogramthatbettertrackstherealworldconditionsincludingthe $X" possibilitythattheshutdownmaybecomepermanentorthatoperationsmayresume. $D # (v)Smeltersetasideifoneormoreofthesmeltersdontresumeoperation.Thecopperindustry &"% hasraisedconcernsthat,unlikeotherindustrialSO2sourcesintheregion,itoperatesinaworld '#& market,makingitdifficulttopassonincreasedoperatingexpenses.Theadditionalcostincurred (#' significantlyeffectstheirabilitytobecompetitiveinaworldmarket.Whenthepriceofcopper )$( islow,thehighcostproducersarethefirsttofeeltheeffect.Since1980thecopperindustryhas |*%) seenthelossofsixsmeltersintheUnitedStates.Asmallportionofthelostsmeltercapacityhas h+&* beenmadeupbytheremainingsmelters.Inthelasttwoyears,threesmeltershavegoneon T,'+ standbyduetoeconomicconditions.f  g ԀItisimportanttomaintaintheremainingsmeltercapacity @-(, asapartofthesuspendedsmelterssetaside.  In1990,theGCVTCandtheIASforecastedthatthecoppersmeltersin2018wouldhave78,000  tonsofemissions.WithintheGCVTCregion,therearetwosmeltersoneconomicstandby.The t mostrecentemissionsfromthesesmeltersare38,000tonsSO2.Theremainingoperating ` smeltershavecurrentemissionsof48,000tons,some30,000tonsbelowtheIASforecastfor L  2018.Thisisasignificantreductionovertheforecast.Inordertomaintainthesmeltingcapacity 8  forecastedforthesmelterswithintheregion,theremainingsmeltersmaydecidetoincrease $ t throughputtopickupsomeofthecapacitylostifoneorbothofthesmelterscurrentlyonstandby  ` dontcomebackup.Currently,theseremainingsmeltersarenotoperatingat100%capacity.If  L  thesesmeltersincreasedthroughputtoalevelthatwouldnottriggerNSR,thecopperindustry  8  estimatesthatemissionswouldincreasebyamaximumof13,600tonsSO2.Thereforethe $  Annexincludesprovisionsfora13,600tonsetasidethatcouldonlybeusedtoincreaseexisting   capacity.Thissetasidewillbeavailableonlyifoneorbothofthesuspendedsmeltersdonot   resumeoperation.Inaddition,thesetasidemaynotbetradedifthebackstoptradingprogramis   triggered.   Theg followingtableidentifiesthepreliminaryfacilityspecificsetasideforeachsmeltertobe \ usedtomaintainsmeltercapacity. H * !dddd"dd"dd"dd"dd"(#(#,4dd ,dd%P,4ddUP+  $ p p $Company/Smelter '" 'Baseline  Level 'p" 'Smelterspecific  Setaside p" BHPSanManuel 8. @ @@16000@@816,000 YO+@ @@16000 @@ p@1500p@Y1,500 6,*@ p@1500 p@ 6AsarcoHayden 8. p v@23000v@823,000 YO+p v@23000 v@ p@3000p@Y3,000 6,*p p@3000 p@ 6PhelpsDodgeChino 8. @  @@16000@@816,000 YO+@! @@16000 @@ p@3000p@Y3,000 6,*@" p@3000 p@ 6PhelpsDodgeHidalgo 8. p# |@22000|@822,000 YO+p$ |@22000 |@ @@4000@@Y4,000 6,*p% @@4000 @@ 6PhelpsDodgeMiami 7- @& @@8000@@78,000 XN*@' @@8000 @@ @@2000@@X2,000 6,*@( @@2000 @@ 6KennecottSaltLake 7- p!) @@1000@@71,000 WM*p!* @@1000 @@ Y@100Y@W100 >4)p!+ Y@100 Y@ >TOTAL C9"@,  @@C86,000 e[-"@-U  @ @ @13600@e13,600D:8"@.U @13600  @ DThisincreaseinemissionsisnotoutsidetheNSRprogramand,ifasmelterincreasesthroughput $H / throughtheadditionofequipment,thesmeltermayberequiredtogothroughNSR.Also,this %4!0 additionalincreaseinemissionscannotbegreaterthanthatallowedintheindividualsmelters & "1 permitandwillnotexceedtheamountofthesmeltersetaside.TheSO2allowanceinthisset ' #2 asidecannotf  g Ԁbetradedif  g nf  g Ԁthemarketg .Itisthesoleintentoftheseallowancestobeusedtomake (#3 upsomeofthelostsmeltingcapacityifoneorbothsmeltersdontcomebackup.Ifthese )$4 allowancesareused,thecorrespondingmilestonewillbeincreasedbythatamountnottoexceed *%5 theamountinthesetaside. l+&6    %   b.StateandTribalOptIn/OptOutProvisions  Ԧ  D-(8 Ї (i)DemonstrationofReasonableProgress. TheGCVTCrecognizedthatregionalhazewasa  regionalproblem,andfocuseditstechnicalandpolicyworkondevelopingregionalsolutions.  Theemissionprojections,visibilitymodelingandeconomicmodelingweredevelopedatthe  regionallevel,andassumptionsweremadethatmaynotbevalidlocallybutwereexpectedto x balanceoutthroughouttheregionasawhole.Thisisespeciallytrueforthestationarysource d recommendations.ThebackstoptradingprogramenvisionedbytheGCVTCwouldallowthe P  markettofindthemostcosteffectiveemissionreductionsthroughouttheregionratherthan <  specifyingreductionsforeachsourceintheregionthroughacommandandcontrolprogram. ( x WhenEPApromulgatedtheregionalhazeruleinJuly1999,westernstatesandtribeswere  P  offeredtwooptionsforcomplyingwiththerule.ThefirstoptionwastoimplementtheGCVTC  <  recommendations,asoutlinedinsection309oftherule,withaSIPsubmittalduein2003.The (  secondoptionwastodevelopaSIPbytheyear2008asoutlinedinsection308oftherulethat   woulddemonstratethatthestatewasona60yearglidepathtoreachnaturalvisibility   conditions.ThequestionishowtoadapttheGCVTCrecommendationsforstationarysourcesto   thepossibilitythat:   "j3 "  0  j32W/3  0` (#(#  OneormorestatesmaychoosetodevelopaSIPundersection308oftherule ` insteadofimplementingtheGCVTCregionalstrategies;j3ͭ݌L` (#` (# Ќ  "j3"  0  j32W/3  0` (#(#  StatesnotcurrentlyparticipatingintheWRAPmaywanttooptintotheback $t stopcapandtradeprogram;andj3/݌`` (#` (# Ќ  "j3"  0  j3C2W/3  0` (#(#  Tribes,whicharenotrequiredtodevelopaTIPbyaspecificdate,maywishto 8 participateintheregionalstrategiesatalaterdate.j3C|݌$` (#` (# Ќ  Section309(e)oftheregionalhazerulestates:  8  hXX1 AnyTransportRegionStatemayelectnottoimplementtheCommissionrecommendationsset  forthinparagraph(d)ofthissection.SuchStatesarerequiredtocomplywiththetimelinesand \ requirementsofsection51.308.AnyTransportRegionstateelectingnottoimplementthe  p CommissionrecommendationsmustadvisetheotherstatesintheTransportRegionofthenatureof 4 theprogramandtheeffectoftheprogramonvisibilityimpairingemissions,sothatotherStates   cantakethisinformationintoaccountindevelopingprogramsundersection51.309.#X1Xh# l!    ThisparagraphoftheruleprovidesforthepossibilitythatsomeoftheGCVTCstatesmaynot  chosetoimplementaSIPundersection309oftherule,opting,instead,tosubmitaSIPunder  section308.StatesthatdevelopSIPsundersection308arenotrequiredtocompletetheirSIPs  untilapproximately2008,whichiswellafterthedeadlinesestablishedundersection309.These t stateswillnotbeabletoadvisetheotherstatesintheregionoftheeffectoftheirstrategiesuntil ` theirSIPshavebeenadopted.Thefollowingparagraphsoutlinetheapproachfollowedbythe L  WRAPtodealwiththeuncertaintiesassociatedwiththediversityofpotentialapproachesto 8  complyingwiththestationarysourcerequirementsoftheRegionalHazeRule,andtoallowstates $ t andtribestochoosethebestoptionfortheirindividualsituation.  ` First,theWRAPhasdevelopedthebackstoptradingprogram,andtechnicaldemonstrations  8  basedonfullparticipationofthestatesandtribesinthetransportregion.(Inactuality,veryfew $  tribeshavemajorSO2sources,butthosefewwereincludedintheemissionsinventoryonwhich   themilestonesarebased.)Thestrategiesweredevelopedonaregionallevel,andmanyofthe   individualelements,suchasthe50%70%emissionreductionofSO2bytheyear2040,wouldbe   difficulttoapplytoindividualstatesandtribes.   Second,intheAnnexandthe2003SIPs,theWRAPwillmaketheassumptionthatstatesand \ tribesthatdonotparticipateintheprogramwillachieveemissionreductionsequivalenttoBART H forsourceswithintheirjurisdictionandotherregionalstrategiesoftheGCVTC.Therefore,as 4 longasthestatesandtribesthatdevelopedSIPSandTIPSundersection309oftherule  p implementtheregionalstrategies,thentheoverallgoalsoftheCommissionwillbemet.  \ However,atthetimeofthesubmittalof2003SIPs,themilestoneswillneedtobeadjustedto 4 excludeemissionsfromnonparticipatingstatesandtribes.Theadjustmentisimportant,because   itwouldnotbeequitabletotriggeratradingprogrambasedontheactivitiesofstatesandtribes   thatarenotparticipatingintheprogram.  TheallocationprocessdescribedinSectionIII.D.7oftheAnnexwillbeusedtodeterminean  estimatedemissionbudgetforeachStateandTribeintheregionforeachofthemilestoneyears. l Thebudgetsforeachoftheparticipatingstatesandtribeswill,whenaddedtogether,equalthe X  regionalmilestone.Theportionsofthebudgetthatwereretainedattheregionallevelfor D! trackingpurposeswillbeaddressedasfollows: 0"  0  (A)TribalAllocation.The20,000tontribalallocationwillbeincludedinthemilestone, $X" andwillnotbeaffectedbythenumberofstatesthatparticipateintheprogram.The $D # WRAPrecognizesthatthisallocationmaybecomeasignificantpartofthemilestoneonly %0!$ iffewstatesparticipateintheprogram.Thisconcerniscounterbalancedbythe &"% recognitionthatacriticalmassofstatesandtribeswillbenecessarytocreateaneffective '#& program.Ifthiscriticalmassisnotachieved,thenstatesandtribesareunlikelyto (#' developImplementationPlansunderXrXXX1'#X1XXXr)#309.)$((#(#   |*%) hWiOa0  (B)NewSourceSetAside.Thenewsourcesetasidewillbedividedproportionallyusing  growthestimatesthatwereusedtoestimatethemagnitudeofnewsourcegrowthinthe  region.Theseestimateswerebasedonstatespecificgrowthprojection.Althoughstate  specificprojectionswillbeusedtoadjustthesetasideinaccordancewithstate t participation,onceadjusted,thenewsourcesetasideisregional.`(#(# Becausetheallocationmethodologymaynotbefullyconsistentwiththemethodologyusedto 8  determinetheBARTlevelemissionreductions,iftheallocationmethodologyisusedasthebasis $ t foradjustingthemilestonesintheeventthatastateoptsoutoftheprogram,itwillbenecessary  ` toreviewtheadjustedmilestonesthatareapplicabletothosestatesremainingintheprogramto  L  ensurethatthegreaterreasonableprogressthanBARTrequirementismetforthosestates.  8  Finally,inthe2008SIPreview,theWRAPwillreevaluatetheGCVTCstrategiesinlightofthe   programsthathavebeendevelopedbytransportregionstatesundersection308oftherule.If   theseprogramsdonotachievetheassumedemissionreductions,theWRAPwillevaluatethe   magnitudeoftheshortfalland,ifnecessary,makeadjustmentstotheprogramsthatwere   developedundersection309oftheruleinordertomeetthegoalsoftheGCVTC. p  (iii)BestAvailableRetrofitTechnologyforRegionalHaze. Whenestimatingtheregional H emissionreductionsintheregionduetotheinstallationofBestAvailableRetrofitTechnology 8 (BART)forregionalhaze,theregionalhazeruleoutlinesa2stepprocess.First,thestatesmust $t complete ananalysisofthebestsystemofcontinuousemissioncontroltechnologyavailableand ` associatedemissionreductionsachievableforeachBARTeligiblesourcewithintheStatesubject L toBART.Second,thestatesmustcomplete ananalysisofthedegreeofvisibility 8 improvementthatwouldbeachievedineachmandatoryClassIFederalareaasaresultofthe $ emissionreductionsachievablefromallsourcessubjecttoBARTlocatedwithintheregionthat  contributestovisibilityimpairmentintheClassIarea...  TheGCVTCidentifiedthevisibilitytransportregionforthe16ClassIareasoftheColorado  Plateau.Thistransportregionconsistsof9statesand211tribes.Inordertocompletethe p analysisofregionalhazeBART,thestatesandtribesneedtoestimateappropriateretrofitcontrol \  technologiesforallBARTeligiblesourcesinthetransportregion,andassessthevisibility H! improvementduetotheinstallationofthesetechnologies.Thisregionalanalysisneedstooccur 4"  underbothsections308and309oftherule.However,therewillbeatimingissue;thestatesthat  #p! choosetodevelopa309SIPwillneedtocompletetheanalysisby2003whilethosethatdevelop  $\" a308SIPwillnotneedtocompletethisanalysisuntil2008.Theproposedsolutiontothetiming $H # problemistocompleteananalysisofregionalhazeBARTforalltransportregionstatesand %4!$ tribesusingasourcecategoryapproachforthe2003SIPs.Thesesourcecategoryestimatesmay & "% thenneedtobereevaluatedinthe2008SIPreviewbasedontheregionalhazeBART ' #& determinationsthataremadebystatesthatdevelopSIPsunder308oftherule. (#'  %   c.IndividualSourceOptIn. a Applicabilityforthetrackingprogram,andthebackstoptrading *%) programiscurrentlylimitedtosourceswithactualSO2emissions100tons/year.TheWRAP p+&* recognizesthatallowingadditionalsourcestooptintotheprogrammayprovideadditional \,'+ flexibilityandmayencourageinnovativeemissionreductionstrategies. H-(, hW he h  ThedetailsofhowthisprocesswouldoccurhavenotbeendiscussedbytheWRAPs  CommitteesandForums,andwillneedfurtherdefinition,buttheWRAPfeltthatitwas  importanttoprovideaplaceholderforthisissueintheAnnextoensurethatthemilestone t languagethatwasadoptedintoEPAsregionalhazerulewouldnotprecludeaddingoptin ` provisionsatalaterdate.Thedetailsoftheseprovisionswouldneedtobedevelopedin L  consultationwithEPA,andsubmittedaspartoftheStateandTribalImplementationPlans. 8   %   d.ChangesduetoEmissionMeasurementTechniques. az Thereisthepossibilitythatnew  ` emissionmeasurementtechniquesmaysignificantlychangetheaccuracyofemissions  P  measurementsfromaparticularsourcecategory.Thesechangeswouldbeeitherpaperincreases  <  orpaperreductionsthatwouldnotreflectanactualchangeintheoperationofsourceswithinthe (  region,ortheamountofSO2thattheyareemitting.Thismaybeasignificantissueinthenear   termastheWRAPbeginstodevelopmonitoringprotocolsformeasuringemissionsifthe   backstoptradingprogramistriggered.   TheAnnexincludesprovisionsforestablishingatechnicalreviewprocess,inconsultationwith t EPA,toaddressfuturechangesinemissionmeasurementtechniques.Anychangestothe ` milestonesthataredevelopedthroughthisprocesswouldneedtobeacceptedbyallofthe L participatingstatesandtribes,andwouldthenbesubmittedtoEPAasrevisionstotheapplicable 8 ImplementationPlans.Thedetailsofthistechnicalreviewprocesshavenotbeendiscussedby $t theWRAPsCommitteesandForums,buttheWRAPfeltthatitwasimportanttoprovidea ` placeholderforthisissueintheAnnextoensurethatthemilestonelanguagethatwasadopted L intoEPAsregionalhazerulewouldnotprecludemakingadjustmentsduetonewmeasurement 8 techniquesatalaterdate. $  %   e.ChangesduetoPeriodicAuditsandSIP/TIPReviews. aC ThestatesandTribeswillconduct  periodicreviewsandaudits,asdescribedinSectionII.F.7ofthisdocument.TheWRAPs  CommitteesandForumshavenotdiscussedthedetailsoftheseaudits,andhowtheymightlead  tochangesinthemilestones.However,theWRAPfeltthatitwasimportanttoprovidea t placeholderforthisissueintheAnnextoensurethatthemilestonelanguagethatwasadopted `  intoEPAsregionalhazerulewouldnotprecludeanynecessaryadjustmentsatalaterdate. L!  %   f.UtilityCEMSAdjustmentProtocolforInterimMilestones. aԀAscurrentlycraftedthe $#t! WRAPinterimmilestonesarebasedonutilityemissionsprojectionsfrom1999asmeasuredby $d" thecurrentCEMStestmethod.(TestMethod2).EPAhasestablishedseveralalternativetest %P # methodsthatwillbeavailabletoutilitiesonagoingforwardbasis.Thesenewemission %1#TheStatesandTribesaretheregulatoryauthorityforthe 0"  backstoptradingprogram,andtheprogramisdesignedtofunctionasacooperativeagreement  #p! betweenindependent,sovereignentities.This