WPC5 gzY']c%;PXr4jIV'r\VaB61F0YBwhfL{jEDidI<4mZ4n#ء{\/Gf ]Ƶ#K{dDe in(<ΑAAצYXȷ70)܊7Gi<4@wݙ 7q7N*C #c*z1,9ϧ:^ HU.>T 1uNw 4 !0UN2 0* 1'!!e"{"2##$$$$$ 0$$$ BG%G%G%G%G%G% 72d%b%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% B*%% B % B%% B&&&&&&&&& 0r&#&UNR( %(((((( m(((((((((((( 0 ( 0 Ds) 0Sc) 0w* 0* 0+ 0+ 0o, 06- 0. 1///////////// D3////////////// C/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////U >///U400000000000000000000000 B7N0N0N0N0N0N0N0 iX00000000000000000000000000000f11a11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111112733f4a44f4a44  4  4  4  4  4f4a5  5  55  &5  050505  :5  D5D5  N5  X5X5  b5  l5  v5  5  5  5  5  5  5  5  5<) \  `&Times New Roman3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)e5){%:i+003|x(9 Z6Times New Roman Regular  hN$  UX-XXUXX-XXUX-    11    _Notethatthebaselineinventoryusedby_ICF_Ԁisdifferentfromthatusedbythe_MTF_.  Thisisanartifactofthewaytheeconomicmodelwasimplemented.Theimportant  considerationisthatthesamebaselineisusedtoassessthedifferencesamongtheoptions.For   details,refertothe_ICF_Ԁfinalreport,EconomicImpactsofImplementingaRegionalSO2  EmissionsCapforStationarySourcesintheWesternUnitedStates(September2000). hN$  UX-XXUXX-XXUX-    12    _X-XXX-ԀCAA169A(a)(1)#X-XXX-ݞ#.(e2$ S!  UX-XXUXX-XXUX-   hN$  UX-XXUXX-XXUX-    2    _RecommendationsforImprovingWesternVistasat33(June1996)(emphasisadded).jklmnopqhAG_cgkosw{Bullet ListBullet List hN$  UX-XXUXX-XXUX-    3    _Id.at34.  9  hN$  UX-XXUXX-XXUX-    4    _Id.at35. hN$  UX-XXUXX-XXUX-    5    _Id.at66-67. hN$  UX-XXUXX-XXUX-    6    _Id.at71.  X (f3$ S!  UX-XXUXX-XXUX-   di)C- & --d -dK KdP Pd  d(J$  X-XXXX-XXX-HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 60(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularUXU(f(3N$ S!  UX-XXUXX-XXUX-      0  (#$  0  (;3$2#  0  .3  0  (O;$0  2#  a  .3  0` (#(#(b$0  0` (#(#2#   .3  0 ` (#` (#(xir$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#2#(  0  )3  0 (# (#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#2#(  a  )3  0h(#(#(F$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#2#(   )3  0h(#h(#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#2#  0  )3  0(#(#({$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#2#  a  )3  0p(#(#jklmnopqxgEgkosw{Shaded BoxShaded Check Boxoooooooo'dxdd(9 Z&Times New Roman+A Times Bold3+0 d d d JJE@8C0 hN$  UX-XXUXX-XXUX-    1    _Ԁ0 ` 40CFRpart51,page35742(July1,1999).ȿTABLE A hN$  UX-XXUXX-XXUX-    7    _Ԁ64FR35741 hN$  UX-XXUXX-XXUX-    8    _Ԁ64FR35726 hN$  UX-XXUXX-XXUX-    9    _Ԁ64FR35725 hN$  UX-XXUXX-XXUX-    10    _Ԁ64FR35726357278Cases8Cases g h i j kSheet1 l m n o p q s t v w x y z { | } ~   S!  UX-XXUXX-XXUX-  _8-Xdd8# XX- %   AttachmentC.DemonstrationthattheSO2MilestonesProvide  GreaterReasonableProgressthanBART   #X-X 왼# :  %   A.Background    L OnJuly1,1999theEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)publishedregulationstoaddress  $ regionalhazevisibilityimpairment.ThenewregulationsrequireStatestoaddressBest   AvailableRetrofitTechnology(BART)requirementsforregionalhazevisibilityimpairment.   ThenineGrandCanyonVisibilityTransportRegionStateshavetheoptiontoaddressthis    requirementaspartofanoverallstrategyofemissionreductionsdevelopedbytheGrandCanyon   Commission,includingtheestablishmentofregionalsulfurdioxide(SO2)milestones. p  309(f)(1)(I)oftheregionalhazeruleestablishestherequirementsforregionalmilestonesto H  meetthestationarysourceobligationsforthefirstlongtermplanningperiod.Therulestates, 4   Theemissionreductionmilestonesmustbeshowntoprovideforgreaterreasonableprogress  p thanwouldbeachievedbyapplicationofbestavailableretrofittechnology(BART)pursuantto  \ section51.308(e)(2)andwouldbe_approvable_ԀinlieuofBART.TherequirementsforBART H aredescribedingreaterdetailinsection51.308(e)(2)asfollows: 4 0  AStatemayopttoimplementanemissionstradingprogramorotheralternativemeasure   ratherthantorequiresourcessubjecttoBARTtoinstall,operate,andmaintainBART.  Todoso,theStatemustdemonstratethatthisemissionstradingprogramorother  alternativemeasurewillachievegreaterreasonableprogressthanwouldbeachieved  throughtheinstallationandoperationofBART.Tomakethisdemonstration,theState l mustsubmitanimplementationplancontainingthefollowingplanelementsandinclude X documentationforallrequiredanalyses:D(#(#   8 ` (I) Ademonstrationthattheemissionstradingprogramorother l alternativemeasurewillachievegreaterreasonableprogressthan  \ wouldhaveresultedfromtheinstallationandoperationofBART  H atallsourcessubjecttoBARTintheState.Thisdemonstration !4 mustbebasedonthefollowing:"  ` x` x 0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#(A)AlistofallBARTeligiblesourceswithintheState.$" (# (# 0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#(B)Ananalysisofthebestsystemofcontinuousemissioncontrol &!$ technologyavailableandassociatedemissionreductionsachievablefor l'"% eachsourcewithintheStatesubjecttoBART.Inthisanalysis,theState X(#& musttakeintoconsiderationthetechnologyavailable,thecostsof D)$' compliance,theenergyand_nonair_Ԁqualityenvironmentalimpactsof 0*%( compliance,anypollutioncontrolequipmentinuseatthesource,andthe +l&) remainingusefullifeofthesource.Thebestsystemofcontinuous ,X'* emissioncontroltechnologyandtheabovefactorsmaybedeterminedona  sourcecategorybasis.TheStatemayelecttoconsiderbothsource  specificandcategorywideinformation,asappropriate,inconductingits  analysis.t (# (# 0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#(C)Ananalysisofthedegreeofvisibilityimprovementthatwouldbe L  achievedineachmandatoryClassIFederalareaasaresultoftheemission 8  reductionsachievablefromallsuchsourcessubjecttoBARTlocated $ t withintheregionthatcontributestovisibilityimpairmentintheClassI  ` area,basedontheanalysisconductedundersection51.308(e)(2)(I)(B). L  (# (#    ` InordertoaddresstheseBARTrequirements,theWRAPusedthefollowingprocess: $   rjklmnopq(gx3  "j3"  j32go3  0 `   DevelopalistofBARTeligiblesourcesfortheregion.j3݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    "j3"  j32go3  0 `   EstimateemissionreductionsthatcouldbemadebyBARTeligiblesources   through appropriateretrofittechnology.j3݌ ` (#` (# Ќ    "j3"  j32go3  0 `   Estimatebaselineemissionsintheyear2018.j3݌p` (#` (# Ќ    "j3"  j32go3  0 `   Evaluatethevisibilityimprovementthatcouldoccurintheregionifthe \  appropriateretrofittechnologyemissionreductionswereimplemented.j3 ݌H` (#` (# Ќ  "j3"    j3?2go3  0 `   Evaluateadditionalfactorsthatwouldcontributeto greaterreasonableprogress 4 thanregionalhazeBARTj3?x݌ p` (#` (# Ќ  "j3"    j32go3  0 `   Establish2018SO2emissionsmilestonej3݌ \` (#` (# Ќ  X   Eachofthesestepsisaddressedingreaterdetailinthefollowingsectionsofthisreport.This 4 processwasdevelopedthroughthebesteffortsoftheWRAPthroughastakeholderbased   processandisbasedontheWRAPsreadingoftheregionalhazerulelanguageandpreamble.It   isimportanttonotethatEPAguidancefordeterminingregionalhazeBARTisunder  developmentandsotheWRAPhadtomakeanumberofassumptionsabouttheanalysis.   %   B.ListofBARTeligiblesources.    l EachofthenineTransportRegionStatesdevelopedapreliminarylistofBARTeligiblesources D! forSO2.EPAidentifiedBARTeligiblesourcesontriballands.EPAguidanceforregionalhaze 0"  BARTisstillunderdevelopmentwhichleavesmanyunansweredapplicabilityquestions.The #l! WRAPdevelopedadraftmethodologythatwasusedtoidentifyalloftheBARTeligiblesources $X" intheregion.Whenfinalguidanceisissued,theTransportRegionStatesandTribesrecognize $D # thatchangestotheirinitiallistsofBARTeligiblesourcesmaybenecessary,howevertheWRAP %0!$ believesthatallsourcesthatemitsignificantlevelsofSO2havebeenidentified.Thepreliminary &"% listcompiledbythestatesisincludedas AttachmentD totheAnnex.Thedraftmethodology '#& usedthefollowingassumptions: (#'   "j3"  j3!2go3  0 `   Whereappropriate,BARTeligiblesourceswereidentifiedonaunitbyunitbasis. *%) OnlyindividualunitsthatmettheBARTcriteriawereincludedonthelist.For l+&* somesources,suchascoppersmelters,thisapproachdidnotworkbecausethe  unitsweresointerrelated.Inthosecasestheentiresourcewasexaminedto  determineifitwasBARTeligible.j3!@!݌` (#` (# Ќ    "j3"  j3#2go3  0 `   Pollutantsweretreatedindependently.Therefore,onlyunitsthatqualifiedas t BARTeligibleforSO2wereincludedonthelist.j3##݌`` (#` (# Ќ    "j3"  j3$2go3  0 `   Modificationsduringthe15yearBARTwindowwerenotconsidered,unlessthe L  modificationqualifiedasreconstructionforthatunit.j3$%݌8 ` (#` (# Ќ    "j3 "  j3?&2go3  0 `   UnitswerenotconsideredBARTeligibleiftheonlymodificationthatwasmade $ t duringthe15yearwindowwastheinstallationofpollutioncontrolequipment.j3?&l&݌ `` (#` (# Ќ    "j3 "  j3'2go3  0 `   BARTeligiblesourcesthathad,wereintheprocessof,orwereslatedtohave  L  newemissionscontrolsinstalled(NavajoGeneratingStation,Page,Arizona;  8  HaydenGeneratingStation,Hayden,Colorado;MojaveGeneratingStation, $  Laughlin,Nevada)werenotincludedinthespreadsheetthatwasusedtocalculate   theBARTlevelemissionreductions.Inaddition,BARTeligiblesourcesthatwill   becontrolledaspartofthevoluntaryreductionsfortheFrontRangepowerplants   inColoradowerenotincludedinthespreadsheet(CherokeeGeneratingStationin   Denverand_Valmont_ԀGeneratingStationinBoulder).Emissionreductionsfrom p thesesourcesweretreatedasdownwardadjustmentstothebaseline.j3''݌\` (#` (# Ќ  %   C.AppropriateRetrofitTechnologyEstimates  +  4 Thenextstepintheprocesswastheidentificationofappropriateretrofittechnologiesforthe  \ BARTeligiblesources.BARThastraditionallybeendevelopedthroughacasebycaseanalysis H thatconsiderstheuniquesituationofthesource,includingcostsandtheimpactsthatthesource 4 hasonaparticularmandatoryClassIarea.Asprovidedinthefollowingpassage,theregional   hazeruleprovidesflexibilitytostatesindeveloping,forcomparativepurposes,amethodfor   calculatingtheemissionreductionsthatwouldresultfromtheinstallationofsourcespecific  BART:  0  Tocomparetheemissionsreductionsandvisibilityimprovementthatwouldresultfrom l theapplicationofsourcespecificBARTtothatresultingfromimplementationof X  alternativemeasures,suchasaregionalemissionstradingprogram,thestatemust D! estimatetheemissionsreductionsthatwouldresultfromtheuseofBARTlevelcontrols. 0"  Todothis,thestatescouldundertakeasourcespecificreviewofthesourcesinthestate #l! subjecttoBARToritcoulduseamodifiedapproachthatsimplifiesanalysis...thestates $X" accordinglyhaveflexibilityindevelopingamethodtodeterminetheemissionsreductions $D # thatcouldbeachievedthroughtheapplicationofBART.W i#  1      %0!$(#(# TheWRAPrecognizedthatacasebycaseanalysisofpotentialcontrolsforeachoftheBART '#& eligiblesourcesintheregionwouldbeveryresourceintensiveandrequiremoretimethan (#' allottedforthedevelopmentoftheAnnex.Becausethegoalwastousetheseestimatesto )$( establisharegionalemissioncap,theindividualBARTreductionswerelessimportantthanthe  overallregionalnumber.TheWRAPthereforeapproachedtheanalysisattheregionallevel,  usingamoresimplifiedanalysis,asprovidedforintheregionalhazerule.  TheWRAPusedthefollowingassumptionstoestimatetheregionalemissionreductionsdueto ` appropriateretrofitcontrolsontheBARTeligiblesourcesintheregion.Itshouldbenotedthat L  theWRAPmethodologywasonlyusedtoobtainaregionalestimateforBARTlevelemission 8  reductionstocalculatethe2018milestone.ItwasnotintendedtobeasourcebysourceBART $ t analysis.  ` "j3 "  j3P72go3  0    Appropriateretrofittechnologieswereestimatedforsourcecategoriesratherthan  8  individualsources.j3P7}7݌$ (#(# Ќ  "j3 "  j382go3  0    Emissionreductionswereestimatedattheregionallevel.j388݌ (#(# Ќ  "j3 "  j3q92go3  0    Allestimatesofthelevelofcontrolconstituteanassumedaverageforthatindustrysector   intheWRAPregion.j3q99݌ (#(# Ќ  "j3"  j3:2go3  0    TheBARTfactors,includingcost,energyandnonairenvironmentalimpact,existing   pollutioncontrols,andremainingusefullifewereaddressedinabroadwaythroughthe p identificationoftechnologiesthatwerecurrentlybeingusedasretrofitsintheregion. \ Someconsiderationofthetechnicalfeasibilityofinstallingcontrolequipmentat H particularsources(siteconstraints,specialconditions,etc.)wasconsidered.However,a 4 comprehensiveanalysiswasnotcompletedforindividualsources.Instead,the_MTF_  p lookedatrangesofpotentialretrofitcontrolsandestablishedalevelthatwasexpectedto  \ bevalidasaregionalaverage.j3::݌H(#(# Ќ  Table1outlinestheestimatedappropriateretrofittechnologyforspecificsourcecategoriesinthe   region.         TABLE1   A?*XZddd Xdd Xdd X(#(#,dd ,dd +  ) )Source P Category '<" 'RetrofitTechnologiesorPercentageReduction #P"  # Copper l Smelters  X  8XX-Duetotheuniquenessoftheexistingsmelters,retrofittechnologyanalysismustbe l performedonasmelterbysmelterbasis.Currently,theHidalgosmelteristheonly 0  BARTeligiblesourceonthelistinthiscategory.Adoublecontactacidplantwillbe  D  consideredtheappropriateretrofitcontrolequipment(allsmeltersintheregionare    currentlyequippedwithdoublecontactacidplants).OnAugust21,2000NewMexico |   completedanengineeringanalysisthatverifiedearlierdeterminationsbythe_MTF_Ԁthat @   thefugitiveSO2capturesystematHidalgosatisfiesBARTat 96%overallcapture .#X-X8HA#   T   Refineries  ^  8XX-TherearethreesourcesofSO2emissionsattherefinerylevel: ^  Description     o AssumedAverageControlLevel 6  _SRU_Ԁ(pollutioncontrolforfuel o 98%control ortheequivalent#X-X8D#8XX-of3stageClaus#X-X81F#8XX-   gascombustionunits)   o units(mostalreadyhavethisinplace). p  Catalyticcrackers   o 90%control.Stateswillquerythesesourcesasto H  g      o whetherornottheyhavehadtocomplywith    g      o subpartJwithlowsulfurcatalystorhydro   g      o treating,whichwouldamountto90%control.If D  g      o notalreadysubjecttopartJ,then90%control X  g      o willberequired.  Flares g      o noadditionalcontrols T (Approximately70%ofrefineryemissionscomefromClausunit,25%fromcatcrackers , ifuncontrolled,andremaining5%fromallothersources)#X-X8F#    LimePlants H  andCement 4! Kilns   " 8XX- Noadditionalreduction .#X-X8iK#8XX-ԀApproximately50%controlinherentintheprocess. H# AdditionalSO2controlsarenottypicallyappliedtothesekindsofsources.#X-X8K#  $ Utility P% Boilers < &  (!x' 8XX-Technologydeterminationdependentuponcurrentlevelofcontrol. P( Description     o   AssumedAverageLevelofControl  (* Uncontrolledunits   o   85% !+ Unitscontrolledatlessthan70% o   Treatasuncontrolled(seeabove). `", Unitscontrolledbetween7080% o   Increasereductionsby5%(i.e.,ifaunitis $#t-  g      o   at72%,wouldbeassumedtocontrolto #8.  g      o   77%). $/ Unitscontrolledgreaterthan80% o   Noadditionalreductions.#X-X8M#  p% 0 Industrial &"1 Boilers '#2 8XX-Sameasutilityboilers.#X-X8P#  &"3 Pulpand 4)$4 Paper  *p%5 8XX-Sulfursourcesarerecoveryfurnacesandboilers.Boilerdiscussionscoveredwith 4)$6 industrialboilers. )H%7  Recoveryfurnaces:Noadditionalreduction. Lowemissionscoupledwithlackof * &8 morethanoneexampleofscrubbing.#X-X8Q# +&9     `     h Thetechnologyassumptionslistedabovewereincorporatedintoaspreadsheet(Allstat7.xls)to  estimatetheregionalemissionreductionsduetoappropriateretrofittechnologies.The  spreadsheetusedthefollowingassumptions: t "j3"  j3uT2go3  0    Existingutilitygeneratingunitsoperatingatanaveragecapacityfactoroflessthan85% L  ofnameplatecapacityduring1999wereassumedtoincreasetheircapacityfactortoa 8  maximumlevelof85%ofnameplatecapacityby2018.Utilityunitsoperatingata $ t capacityfactorhigherthan85%during1999wereassumedtocontinueoperatingatthat  ` level.j3uTT݌ L (#(# Ќ  "j3"  j3V2go3  0    Allothersourcecategorieswereassumedtocontinueoperatingattheircurrentlevelof  8  actualemissions,basedonanaverageof19961998emissions.j3VW݌$ (#(# Ќ  "j3"  j3;X2go3  0    TheBARTeligibleunitswereassumedtoreduceactualemissionsbytheapplyingthe   controlefficiencylistedinTable1foreachspecificsourcecategory.j3;XhX݌ (#(# Ќ  "j3"  j3Y2go3  0    Thetotalemissionreductionswerethenaddedtoobtainaregionalestimate.The   individualsourceestimateswereonlycalculatedaspartoftheregionalestimate,andare   notintendedtobeusedasaBARTestimateforthoseindividualsources.j3YY݌p(#(# Ќ  0   (#(# Theanalysisdescribedaboveledtoanestimatedemissionreductionof168,176tonsSO2dueto H theapplicationofappropriatecontroltechnologies.Forthepurposesofthisdiscussion,this 4 numberwillberoundedto168,000tons.  p  %   D.BaselineInventoryfor2018 at\  4 Aspartoftheprocessofdevelopingtheendpointforthisprogram,aninventoryofexpected   actualemissionsin2018wasestimated.Thebaselineinventorywascalculatedseparatelyfor  utilitiesandnonutilitiesusingthefollowingmethodsandassumptions:  0  %   1.Utilities. at^ 1999emissionsdatathatweresubmittedtoEPAfortheacidrainprogram l wereusedasthebaseinventoryfortheutilityprojectionsto2018.Inaddition,datafor \  severalsmallpowerplantsthatwerenotintheacidraindatabasewereaddedtothe H! inventorylist.The1999inventorywasthengrowntoaccountforincreasedcapacity 4"  utilizationasdescribedbelow.Knownemissionreductionsthathavealreadybeenagreed  #p! tobythePublicServiceCompanyofColorado(anumberofpowerplantsalongtheFront  $\" Rangethatwillbecontrolledin2003)andbytheMojaveGeneratingStationinNevada $H # (controlswillbeinstalledby2006)weresubtractedfromtheemissionprojections.%4!$(#(# 0  0` (#(# %   a.CapacityFactor. at>b Westernutilitiesareincreasingtheirutilizationtomeet ' #& increasingelectricitydemand.Inaddition,deregulationofthepowerindustryis (#' expectedtofurtherincreaseutilizationofexistingplantsbecauseitwillbemore )$( costeffectivetoachievepeakperformancefromexistingplantsthantoexpend *%) thecapitaltobuildnewplants.Eventhoughutilizationisincreasing,itisnot p+&* realistictoestimatethatplantswillconsistentlyoperateat100%capacitybecause  unitswillrequiremaintenancethroughouttheyear.Inaddition,powerdemand  fluctuatesthroughouttheyear,andfullutilizationmaynotbeneededeverydayof  theyear.t` (#` (# 0  0` (#(#TheWRAPhasassumedthatallcoalfiredpowerplantsinthewestwillbe L  operatingatanaverageof85%ofnameplatecapacityintheyear2018.Anynew 8  growthindemand,beyondthiscapacityfactorassumption,isassumedtobemet $ t bynewpowergenerationatanapproximatecontrolefficiencyof98%forSO2. `` (#` (# 0  0` (#(# %   b.RetirementAdjustmentforColoradoFrontRangePowerPlants. atg Public  8  ServiceCompanyofColorado(_PSCO_)hasmadeavoluntaryagreementwiththe (  StateofColoradotocontrolanumberofFrontRangepowerplantsbytheyear   2003.Severaloftheplantsthatwillinstallcontrolsareassumedtoretirebefore   theyear2018accordingtotheassumptionsofthemodel.Itisnolongerrealistic   toassumethattheseplantswillretire,becausethecapitalinvestmentintheplants   willextendtheirlifetime.Therefore,a4,000tonadjustmentwasmadetothe t inventorytoaccountforthecontinuedoperationoftheseplants.`` (#` (# 0  %   2.CogenerationFacilities. at!k 1998inventorydataprovidedbytheninetransportregion 8 stateswereusedasthebaseinventoryforfutureyearprojections.Itwasassumedthat (x emissionsfromthesesourceswouldremainconstantthroughtheyear2018(nogrowthor d retirementswouldoccur).P(#(# 0  %   3.Smelters. atlԀ 1998inventorydataprovidedbytheninetransportregionstateswereused ( asthebaseinventoryforfutureyearprojections.Therearetwosmeltersthatwere  operatingin1998thathavetemporarilysuspendedoperationsduetoeconomic  conditions.Forthisreason,theinventorywasprojectedbothwiththesesmeltersin  operation,andwithout.ThemilestonesdevelopedbytheWRAPcontainprovisionsfor  anautomaticadjustmentifoneorbothofthesmelterscomebackonline.The2018 x inventoryforsmeltersintheregionifneithersmelterresumesoperationisassumedtobe d  48,000tons.Thisinventorynumberassumesthatemissionsfromsmelterswouldremain P! constant(nogrowthorretirementswouldoccur).The2018inventoryifbothsmelters <"  resumeoperationisassumedtobe78,000tons.Thisestimateassumesthattherewillbe (#x! additionalretirementofemissionsfromthesmeltersector,equivalenttotheestimates $d" madebytheIntegratedAssessmentSystem(IAS)usedbytheGrandCanyonVisibility %P # TransportCommissionfortheyear2020.%" "9/?0.0827501297989" 9/? !Wi%ȗK?0.317113824325!Wi%ȗK?0.32 RX?" !Wi%ȗK?0.317113824325! 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"鎫*U?0.0637995464891"鎫*U?0.06 H|^XP" "鎫*U?0.0637995464891" ( A 鎫*U? 4PAverage tHe' Q3H "6h=?0.0778082073151"6h=?t0.08 HS R" "6h=?0.0778082073151" 6h=?H !m3,?0.188864970408!m3,?0.19 HR S" !m3,?0.188864970408! m3,?H !#?0.132587445232!#?0.13 {] T" !#?0.132587445232! P 4 #?H 4(Min sd'!U3 !H#?0.023014509651!H#?s0.02 R!V" !H#?0.023014509651! H#? "]p?0.0660467584075"]p?0.07 S!W" "]p?0.0660467584075" ]p? "鎫*U?0.0637995464891"鎫*U?0.06 |^!X" "鎫*U?0.0637995464891" ( 4 鎫*U? A((Max ud'" Y3 !3?0.169919353679!3?u0.17 R" Z" !3?0.169919353679! 3? hOK]? 0.34944422488 hOK]?0.35 Q" [" hOK]? 0.34944422488 hOK]? !p+j?0.221990079824!p+j?0.22mca" \" !p+j?0.221990079824! (( A  p+j? mX-XXX-X-XXX-  % ^ TRP$'3 Letter LandscapeX3' Letter'3 Letter Landscape3'T@II4#X-XX-#Xz6XX-Table3#X-XXz6#X-XX-  @WW #X-XXX-#ModeledVisibilityImprovementin_Deciviews_,for2018:TradingProgramsforFourProposed2018Milestones   &XX-*dd" (@ "   ( ..,I ( , , , , , , , , , , , ,( +  <) 8< ClassIArea ZG2>`||  ZMinorityReport  95,000tonreduction R?*" RMarketTradingForum  Ѐ155,000tonreduction R?*" REPA   177,000tonreduction R?* " REnvironmentalGroups   Ѐ220,0000tonreduction \R0 " 8  4(\ 3&H   320%Best p   Days J;'0 " J20% p  Worst 0  Days N;' @" NAnnual p  Average J;'0 " J20% p  Best 0  Days J;' @" J20% p  Worst 0  Days N;' @" NAnnual p  Average J;'0 " J20% p  Best 0  Days J;' @" J20% p  Worst 0   Days N;' @!" NAnnual p " Average J;'0 #" J20% p $ Best 0 % Days J;' @&" J20% p ' Worst 0 ( Days N;' @)" NAnnual p * Average ^K20 +" ( 4  (^ArchesNationalPark uh' (, "@AO?0.0318565861386"@AO?u0.03 S (-" "@AO?0.0318565861386" @AO? "6ҟ?0.0539537093036"6ҟ?0.05 S (." "6ҟ?0.0539537093036" 6ҟ? "Lg^i?0.0437726630659"Lg^i?0.04 S (/" "Lg^i?0.0437726630659" Lg^i? !G鸞?0.132624580861!G鸞?0.13 R (0" !G鸞?0.132624580861! G鸞? ? 0.1992193237?0.20 P (1" ? 0.1992193237 ? !<*{Kv0?0.165541445595!<*{Kv0?0.17 R (2" !<*{Kv0?0.165541445595! <*{Kv0? !y8?0.138725307061!y8?0.14 R (3" !y8?0.138725307061! y8? !n?0.239332064357!n?0.24 R (4" !n?0.239332064357! n? !(e?0.186413480293!(e?0.19 R (5" !(e?0.186413480293! (e? !g?0.194178832519!g?0.19 R (6" !g?0.194178832519! g? !o ?0.371889763918!o ?0.37 R (7" !o ?0.371889763918! o ? S? 0.27720420866 S?0.28 uW (8" S? 0.27720420866 ( S? 4(BryceCanyon vi' 9 #e+.d?0.00995670760085#e+.d?v0.01 T :" #e+.d?0.00995670760085# e+.d? "b?0.0313697870556"b?0.03 S ;" "b?0.0313697870556" b? ".X1_?0.0223884488917".X1_?0.02 S <" ".X1_?0.0223884488917" .X1_? "wSO?0.0198354024595"wSO?0.02 S =" "wSO?0.0198354024595" wSO? !Z[?0.113021752717!Z[?0.11 R >" !Z[?0.113021752717! Z[? "&|W?0.0612143450592"&|W?0.06 S ?" "&|W?0.0612143450592" &|W? "Y`'of?0.0238282661392"Y`'of?0.02 S @" "Y`'of?0.0238282661392" Y`'of? !\Φ?0.125569201306!\Φ?0.13 R A" !\Φ?0.125569201306! \Φ? "K?0.0753763263938"K?0.08 S B" "K?0.0753763263938" K? "CT?0.0410804660444"CT?0.04 S C" "CT?0.0410804660444" CT? !˸Ҋ?0.215174040162!˸Ҋ?0.22 R D" !˸Ҋ?0.215174040162! ˸Ҋ? !P^?0.117249868418!P^?0.12 {] E" !P^?0.117249868418! ( 4 P^? 4(BlackCanyonofthe_Gunnison_ yh' F "?0.0288792712185"?y0.03 S G" "?0.0288792712185" ? "#2썟?0.0308148409354"#2썟?0.03 S H" "#2썟?0.0308148409354" #2썟? "fk?0.0325502150693"fk?0.03 S I" "fk?0.0325502150693" fk? " Tp?0.0720366435281" Tp?0.07 S J" " Tp?0.0720366435281"  Tp? " CB?0.0661857668913" CB?0.07 S K" " CB?0.0661857668913"  CB? ">?0.0810662256799">?0.08 S L" ">?0.0810662256799" >? "'|C:?0.0868348636397"'|C:?0.09 S M" "'|C:?0.0868348636397" '|C:? "P/@:?0.0843693481876"P/@:?0.08 S N" "P/@:?0.0843693481876" P/@:? !9qZ?0.102948906023!9qZ?0.10 R O" !9qZ?0.102948906023! 9qZ? !k?0.155377830855!k?0.16 R P" !k?0.155377830855! k? ![Z:?0.146338793149![Z:?0.15 R Q" ![Z:?0.146338793149! [Z:? !)!?0.178928513601!)!?0.18 {] R" !)!?0.178928513601! ( 4 )!? (_Canyonlands_ rh' S "-`0*?0.0315718763664"-`0*?r0.03 S T" "-`0*?0.0315718763664" -`0*? "&C?0.0427984674107"&C?0.04 S U" "&C?0.0427984674107" &C? "kC?0.0356746574889"kC?0.04 S V" "kC?0.0356746574889" kC? !-=?0.125587220795!-=?0.13 R W" !-=?0.125587220795! -=? !Y?0.183726494644!Y?0.18 R X" !Y?0.183726494644! Y? !ƛ;?0.150239934091!ƛ;?0.15 R Y" !ƛ;?0.150239934091! ƛ;? x݂4? 0.13367325201 x݂4?0.13 Q Z" x݂4? 0.13367325201 x݂4? !3Uc?0.221781435981!3Uc?0.22 R [" !3Uc?0.221781435981! 3Uc? !{?0.170365271654!{?0.17 R \" !{?0.170365271654! {? a2G? 0.18968787184 a2G?0.19 Q ]" a2G? 0.18968787184 a2G? !œF?0.345170732699!œF?0.35 R ^" !œF?0.345170732699! œF? !Q*(P?0.254892388654!Q*(P?0.25 {] _" !Q*(P?0.254892388654! (  Q*(P? 4(CapitolReef uh' ` "T?0.0186453153494"T?u0.02 S a" "T?0.0186453153494" T? "BC!d?0.0378731527907"BC!d?0.04 S b" "BC!d?0.0378731527907" BC!d? "AR_?0.0286846102286"AR_?0.03 S c" "AR_?0.0286846102286" AR_? " `I?0.0513421110886" `I?0.05 S d" " `I?0.0513421110886"  `I? !+5?0.148928786201!+5?0.15 R e" !+5?0.148928786201! +5? ":?0.0966221573836":?0.10 S f" ":?0.0966221573836" :? "o?0.0555400763409"o?0.06 S g" "o?0.0555400763409" o? !8f ?0.179292369149!8f ?0.18 R h" !8f ?0.179292369149! 8f ? !C9?0.112076772831!C9?0.11 R i" !C9?0.112076772831! C9? "U8?0.0828908409319"U8?0.08 S j" "U8?0.0828908409319" U8? !<X\?0.271261236448!<X\?0.27 R k" !<X\?0.271261236448! <X\? H)? 0.16797370119 H)?0.17 z\ l" H)? 0.16797370119 ( 4 H)? 4(FlatTops uh'o m "Iyᒥ?0.0421362362714"Iyᒥ?u0.04 So n" "Iyᒥ?0.0421362362714" Iyᒥ? ">w?0.0768994967477">w?0.08 So o" ">w?0.0768994967477" >w? ")"`?0.0639735223108")"`?0.06 So p" ")"`?0.0639735223108" )"`? " vͰ?0.0656292119257" vͰ?0.07 So q" " vͰ?0.0656292119257"  vͰ? !S7?0.173581162442!S7?0.17 Ro r" !S7?0.173581162442! S7? !,Ҿ?0.120402128672!,Ҿ?0.12 Ro s" !,Ҿ?0.120402128672! ,Ҿ? "Juk?0.0797646962058"Juk?0.08 So t" "Juk?0.0797646962058" Juk? !gΘ?0.218066311837!gΘ?0.22 Ro u" !gΘ?0.218066311837! gΘ? !5f2?0.149975644988!5f2?0.15 Ro v" !5f2?0.149975644988! 5f2? ! ?0.116220751807! ?0.12 Ro w" ! ?0.116220751807!  ? !ƅRb0?0.331078232566!ƅRb0?0.33 Ro x" !ƅRb0?0.331078232566! ƅRb0? !waq?0.227216949069!waq?0.23 {]o y" !waq?0.227216949069! ( 4 waq? 4(HopiPoint vi'W z #}\?0.00994275131751#}\?v0.01 TW {" #}\?0.00994275131751# }\? "p+S?0.0288060261036"p+S?0.03 SW |" "p+S?0.0288060261036" p+S? "6Jӓ?0.0193617749779"6Jӓ?0.02 SW }" "6Jӓ?0.0193617749779" 6Jӓ? "Ԁgsח?0.0232828228271"Ԁgsח?0.02 SW ~" "Ԁgsח?0.0232828228271" Ԁgsח? %? 0.10039824437 %?0.10 QW " %? 0.10039824437 %? "KJC>?0.0590687779131"KJC>?0.06 SW " "KJC>?0.0590687779131" KJC>? "v?0.0298441427698"v?0.03 SW " "v?0.0298441427698" v? !5-?0.134189075623!5-?0.13 RW " !5-?0.134189075623! 5-? " @|?0.0800209448144" @|?0.08 SW " " @|?0.0800209448144"  @|? "źl_?0.0495600826956"źl_?0.05 SW " "źl_?0.0495600826956" źl_? y? 0.21465099815 y?0.21 QW " y? 0.21465099815 y? !`S?0.129709673756!`S?0.13 {]W " !`S?0.129709673756! ( 4 `S? 4(MaroonBells uh'?  "+u ?0.0278344769299"+u ?u0.03 S? " "+u ?0.0278344769299" +u ? !);2x?0.032173073179!);2x?0.03 R? " !);2x?0.032173073179! );2x? "R}vdi?0.0359629211555"R}vdi?0.04 S? " "R}vdi?0.0359629211555" R}vdi? "?4??0.0791001811635"?4??0.08 S? " "?4??0.0791001811635" ?4?? "!E#?0.0624765795598"!E#?0.06 S? " "!E#?0.0624765795598" !E#? !?0.078245024653!?0.08 R? " !?0.078245024653! ? "C?0.0959484555472"C?0.10 S? " "C?0.0959484555472" C? "/r?0.0802389216722"/r?0.08 S? " "/r?0.0802389216722" /r? !haʹ?0.100744351925!haʹ?0.10 R? " !haʹ?0.100744351925! haʹ? !Oh=?0.150328327244!Oh=?0.15 R? " !Oh=?0.150328327244! Oh=? !čtS-?0.121785369831!čtS-?0.12 R? " !čtS-?0.121785369831! čtS-? !>8I(?0.157479499458!>8I(?0.16 {]? " !>8I(?0.157479499458! ( 4 >8I(? 4(MesaVerdeNationalPark uh''w ">Zl?0.0248291693918">Zl?u0.02 S'w" ">Zl?0.0248291693918" >Zl? "T&??0.0489350421409"T&??0.05 S'w" "T&??0.0489350421409" T&?? "#η3?0.0335977020018"#η3?0.03 S'w" "#η3?0.0335977020018" #η3? "0@}$ر?0.0697043233673"0@}$ر?0.07 S'w" "0@}$ر?0.0697043233673" 0@}$ر? !KB?0.254087280059!KB?0.25 R'w" !KB?0.254087280059! KB? ZЀ ? 0.13714736738 ZЀ ?0.14 Q'w" ZЀ ? 0.13714736738 ZЀ ? !0gJ0?0.082776742616!0gJ0?0.08 R'w" !0gJ0?0.082776742616! 0gJ0? !b ?0.313114299796!b ?0.31 R'w" !b ?0.313114299796! b ? ! 6?0.170064652903! 6?0.17 R'w" ! 6?0.170064652903!  6? !nddS?0.127550447077!nddS?0.13 R'w" !nddS?0.127550447077! nddS? !d?0.465566828282!d?0.47 R'w" !d?0.465566828282! d? !;8_?0.260764889972!;8_?0.26 {]'w" !;8_?0.260764889972! ( 4 ;8_? 4(Mt.Baldy uh'_ "Da?0.0149035512697"Da?u0.01 S_" "Da?0.0149035512697" Da? "x?0.0380322369314"x?0.04 S_" "x?0.0380322369314" x? "?0.0299633777692"b>?u0.03 S" "b>?0.0299633777692" b>? ", !N?0.0323029251454", !N?0.03 S" ", !N?0.0323029251454" , !N? "\+>?0.0356346418928"\+>?0.04 S" "\+>?0.0356346418928" \+>? ";,>e?0.0796698435554";,>e?0.08 S" ";,>e?0.0796698435554" ;,>e? "22y2?0.0632707864217"22y2?0.06 S" "22y2?0.0632707864217" 22y2? ":"=6X?0.0794710342863":"=6X?0.08 S" ":"=6X?0.0794710342863" :"=6X? "Z^p?0.0954646410143"Z^p?0.10 S" "Z^p?0.0954646410143" Z^p? ">4?0.0823795321031">4?0.08 S" ">4?0.0823795321031" >4? !(eB5?0.102375182881!(eB5?0.10 R" !(eB5?0.102375182881! (eB5? !b 0y4?0.150038860757!b 0y4?0.15 R" !b 0y4?0.150038860757! b 0y4? !Aސ5?0.126634701598!Aސ5?0.13 R" !Aސ5?0.126634701598! Aސ5? !8Q3?0.161474668104!8Q3?0.16 {]" !8Q3?0.161474668104! ( 4 8Q3? 4(ZionNationalPark uh' "nV&?0.0113035919784"nV&?u0.01 S" "nV&?0.0113035919784" nV&? "#H?0.0246892537647"#H?0.02 S" "#H?0.0246892537647" #H? ":/?0.0187342647709":/?0.02 S" ":/?0.0187342647709" :/? "e!}?0.0190319587679"e!}?0.02 S" "e!}?0.0190319587679" e!}? "^?0.0803463841718"^?0.08 S" "^?0.0803463841718" ^? "ب?0.0485234730476"ب?0.05 S" "ب?0.0485234730476" ب? ">hؗ?0.0230401899258">hؗ?0.02 S" ">hؗ?0.0230401899258" >hؗ? !%y?0.098063474727!%y?0.10 R" !%y?0.098063474727! %y? !R㈮?0.059925344267!R㈮?0.06 R" !R㈮?0.059925344267! R㈮? "e_T?0.0388191739013"e_T?0.04 S" "e_T?0.0388191739013" e_T? !Gݕcb\?0.151256846071!Gݕcb\?0.15 R" !Gݕcb\?0.151256846071! Gݕcb\? "q?0.0954832396244"q?0.10 w^" "q?0.0954832396244" ( 4 q? ( P;'g P M8'g" M M8'g" M M8'g" M M8'g" M M8'g" M M8'g" M M8'g" M M8'g" M M8'g" M M8'g" M M8'g" M ^K-g" (  4(^Average uh'O 3 "[֖?0.0223042614865"[֖?u0.02 SO " "[֖?0.0223042614865" [֖? "ܣ?0.0387918031329"ܣ?0.04 SO " "ܣ?0.0387918031329" ܣ? "??0.0317363311786"??0.03 SO " "??0.0317363311786" ?? "薝G4?0.0609457358503"薝G4?0.06 SO " "薝G4?0.0609457358503" 薝G4? !A~?0.136674911697!A~?0.14 RO" !A~?0.136674911697! A~? "pY?0.0973037093942"pY?0.10 SO" "pY?0.0973037093942" pY? "DR?0.0707473947025"DR?0.07 SO" "DR?0.0707473947025" DR? !?0.171320983629!?0.17 RO" !?0.171320983629! ? !-ھ?0.120528966079!-ھ?0.12 RO" !-ھ?0.120528966079! -ھ? !J(ӻ?0.108696083109!J(ӻ?0.11 RO" !J(ӻ?0.108696083109! J(ӻ? !y?0.265168780453!y?0.27 RO" !y?0.265168780453! y? !OkX?0.187098544388!OkX?0.19 {]O" !OkX?0.187098544388! ( 4 OkX? 4(Minimum vi'73 #}\?0.00994275131751#}\?v0.01 T7" #}\?0.00994275131751# }\? #dP?0.00943160649926#dP?0.01 T7" #dP?0.00943160649926# dP? "Çl[?0.0122486901069"Çl[?0.01 S7" "Çl[?0.0122486901069" Çl[? "e!}?0.0190319587679"e!}?0.02 S7" "e!}?0.0190319587679" e!}? "Ѫt?0.0419057255816"Ѫt?0.04 S7" "Ѫt?0.0419057255816" Ѫt? "U5?0.0384980124601"U5?0.04 S7" "U5?0.0384980124601" U5? ">hؗ?0.0230401899258">hؗ?0.02 S7" ">hؗ?0.0230401899258" >hؗ? !A~9?0.071195512892!A~9?0.07 R7" !A~9?0.071195512892! A~9? !R㈮?0.059925344267!R㈮?0.06 R7" !R㈮?0.059925344267! R㈮? "e_T?0.0388191739013"e_T?0.04 S7 " "e_T?0.0388191739013" e_T? !\E'7?0.121036050178!\E'7?0.12 R7!" !\E'7?0.121036050178! \E'7? "q?0.0954832396244"q?0.10 |^7"" "q?0.0954832396244" ( 4 q? 4(Maximum yh'o#3 "Iyᒥ?0.0421362362714"Iyᒥ?y0.04 So$" "Iyᒥ?0.0421362362714" Iyᒥ? ">w?0.0768994967477">w?0.08 So%" ">w?0.0768994967477" >w? ")"`?0.0639735223108")"`?0.06 So&" ")"`?0.0639735223108" )"`? !G鸞?0.132624580861!G鸞?0.13 Ro'" !G鸞?0.132624580861! G鸞? !KB?0.254087280059!KB?0.25 Ro(" !KB?0.254087280059! KB? !<*{Kv0?0.165541445595!<*{Kv0?0.17 Ro)" !<*{Kv0?0.165541445595! <*{Kv0? !y8?0.138725307061!y8?0.14 Ro*" !y8?0.138725307061! y8? !b ?0.313114299796!b ?0.31 Ro+" !b ?0.313114299796! b ? !Hru?0.191096835902!Hru?0.19 Ro," !Hru?0.191096835902! Hru? !g?0.194178832519!g?0.19 Ro-" !g?0.194178832519! g? ! x=?0.472507016239! x=?0.47 Ro." ! x=?0.472507016239!  x=? !m R?0.286257481599!m R?0.29mcao/" !m R?0.286257481599! ( 4  m R? mX-X& ?/ TRY03' LetterP$'3 Letter Landscape 3' Letter'3 Letter LandscapeT %   _R/VF.OtherConsiderations 63   Thereareanumberofotherconsiderationsthatmustbetakenintoaccountintheoverall  determinationastowhetherornotthe2018milestonedevelopedbytheWRAPachievesgreater t reasonableprogressthanwouldbeachievedbytheapplicationofBART. ` 0  1.RemedyandPrevention. WhenCongressestablishedthevisibilityprogramin1977 8  itdeclaredasanationalgoal"thepreventionofanyfuture,andtheremedyingofany ( x existing"anthropogenicvisibilityimpairmentinmandatoryclassIfederalareas.  i#  12      ׀BART  d isanemissionlimitationestablishedataspecificsourceandisdesignedasaremedyto  P  impairmentatspecificmandatoryClassIareas.Bycontrast,themarkettradingprogram  <  proposedbytheWRAPservesthedualpurposeofremedyingexistingimpairmentand (  preventingfutureimpairmentbyrequiringregionalSO2emissionsreductionsand   cappingemissionsforstationarysources.Futureimpairmentispreventedby