WPC;' pro[Liho$B=Qξx5"DCWQ#w\}swC LwW[k_q`Ik^%MqHRȸR*5p>v.%7m<ղi|I<YȾl>r8WPI}nvf>}o~:FKA sxi|[5!wI_1sZztHFӑ4cD_Uog#DhQ)O'TߑaX,e՝1![ӎ881aEdL(wER+ }v}=zF<*f6*j96ըn+vù(s}Ef#;ף1}9> ǀ;[ۦ[W7#U N % 0: 0Q 0E 06 0$ 0 0 0 0 0 0y 0[ 0: 0 0 0 0 0h 05 0 0 0 0 0q 0F 0 0 0 0n|^  08c 1uY 72 0w 0w 0! 0! 0U" 0# 0# 0D$ 1*& 72&w&4&& ' m'''%'HP Color LaserJet 2500 PCL 60(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX($USUS.,2J+M 0_level1  X 2( ` hp x 223  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  2G+M 0_level2   /%` ` hp x /23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  2D+M 0_level3   ," hp x ,23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  2A+M 0_level4  ` ) hp x )23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  2>+M 0_level5   &hhp x &23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  2;+M 0_level6   #p x #23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  28+M 0_level7  h  p x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  25+M 0_level8   pp x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  22+M 0_level9    x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  2JM 0_levsl1  X 2( ` hp x 223  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  2GM 0_levsl2   /%` ` hp x /23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  2DM 0_levsl3   ," hp x ,23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  2AM 0_levsl4  ` ) hp x )23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  2>M 0_levsl5   &hhp x &23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  2;M 0_levsl6   #p x #23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  28M 0_levsl7  h  p x 23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  25M 0_levsl8   pp x 23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  22M 0_levsl9    x 23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  2JM 0_levnl1  X 2( ` hp x 223   5+ ` hp x 5  2GM 0_levnl2   /%` ` hp x /23   5+ ` hp x 5  2DM 0_levnl3   ," hp x ,23   5+ ` hp x 5  2AM 0_levnl4  ` ) hp x )23   5+ ` hp x 5  2>M 0_levnl5   &hhp x &23   5+ ` hp x 5  2;M 0_levnl6   #p x #23   5+ ` hp x 5  28M 0_levnl7  h  p x 23   5+ ` hp x 5  25M 0_levnl8   pp x 23   5+ ` hp x 5  22M 0_levnl9    x 23   5+ ` hp x 5  <:Default ParaXXXXXXE. (;3$2#  0  .3  0  3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)#i)(O;$0  2#  a  .3  0` (#(#(b$0  0` (#(#2#   .3  0 ` (#` (#(xir$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#2#(  0  )3  0 (# (#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#2#(  a  )3  0h(#(#(F$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#2#(   )3  0h(#h(#($0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#2#  0  )3  0(#(#({$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#2#  a  )3  0p(#(#(F$0  0` (#(#0 ` (#` (#0 (# (#0h(#(#0h(#h(#0(#(#0p(#(#2#     )3  0p(#p(# "%&'()*+xAGaeimquy}Bullet ListBullets List-,,jy.˟3|xU   !USUS.,  _ 6_@% % PRESENTATIONFORWRAPBOARDMEETING     SignificanceofMobileSourceEmissionsforthePurposesof  Section309oftheRegionalHazeRule  March31,2003 t  -"%&'()*+,(Ay3#""3"  "32A3  0    EPAsRegionalHazeRulecurrentlyrequiresstatesthatchoosetosubmitplansunder L  Section309toprovidefor: Adeterminationwhethermobilesourceemissionsinany 8  areasofthestatecontributesignificantlytovisibilityimpairmentinanyofthe16ClassI $ t Areas,basedonthestatewideinventoryofcurrentandprojectedmobilesource  ` emissions(51.309(d)(5)(ii))."3$݌ L (#(# Ќ  ""3"  "3|2A3  0    Ifmobilesourceemissionsinanyareaofthestatearefoundtocontributesignificantlyto $  visibilityimpairmentinanyofthe16ClassIareas,therulerequires: Theestablishment   anddocumentationofamobilesourceemissionsbudgetforanysucharea,including   provisionsrequiringthestatetorestricttheannualVOC,NOx,SO2,elementaland   organiccarbon,and/orfineparticlemobilesourceemissionstotheirprojectedlowest   level,toimplementmeasurestoachievethebudgetorcap,andtodemonstrate p compliancewiththebudget.(51.309(d)(5)(iii)(A))."3|݌\(#(# Ќ  ""3"  "32A3  0    TheseprovisionsarebasedontheGCVTCsrecommendationsformobilesources.The 4 GCVTCwasconcernedbecausethemobilesourceemissionsmodelingatthattime  p (1994)showedmobilesourceemissionsreachingalowpointin2005andthenincreasing.  \ "3݌ (#(# Ќ  ""3"  "3 2A3  0    Duetoupdatedmobilesourceemissionsmodelsand,moreimportantly,newfederal 4 engineandfuelstandardsforlightdutypassengervehicles,heavydutyhighwaydiesel   engines,andcertaincategoriesofnonroadengines,(asrecommendedbytheGCVTC   andtheWRAP)theWRAPscurrentemissionsprojectionsindicateasignificantdecline  inmobilesourceemissionsthroughouttheWestduringthe20032018timeperiod  coveredbytheSection309plans.Thistrendisespeciallydramaticforonroadmobile  sourceemissions."3 ݌l(#(# Ќ    OnRoadEmissionReductionsfor12States:20032018(CAnumbersinparentheses) D!   VOC:0 ` 0 ` (#` (#59% 0h (# (#(CA:61%)0" h(#h(#   NOx:0 ` 0 ` (#` (#66% 0h (# (#(CA:64%) #p!h(#h(#   PM2.5:0 ` 0 ` (#` (#48% 0h (# (# (CA:16%) $`"h(#h(#   SO2:0 ` 0 ` (#` (# 85% 0h (# (# (CA:44%) %P #h(#h(# ""3"  "32A3  0    Currentregulationswillalsoyieldsignificantreductionsinthenonroadsector."3݌&,"%(#(# Ќ    NonRoadEmissionReductions:20032018(CAnumbersinparentheses) ($'   VOC:0 ` 0 ` (#` (#39% 0h (# (#(CA:37%))$(h(#h(#   NOx:0 ` 0 ` (#` (#28% 0h (# (#(CA:37%)*%)h(#h(#   PM2.5:0 ` 0 ` (#` (#20% 0h (# (#(CA:19%)+&*h(#h(#   SO2:0 ` 0 ` (#` (# +15% p,'+ (# (#  `-(, 6_ 6 6  ""3"  "3)2A3  0    StatelegislationisArizonaprohibitsaplanunderSection309ifmobilesourcesinany  areaofArizonaarefoundtobesignificant."3)V݌(#(# Ќ  ""3"  "3y2A3  0    BecausethecurrentsituationwithmobilesourceemissionsintheWestisnowvery t differentthanwhenthe_GCVTC_Ԁmadeitsrecommendations,itmaybeappropriateto ` updatethemobilesourceprovisionsofSection309.EPAhasindicatedthattheyare L  willingtoworkwiththeWRAPtoupdatethemobilesourceprovisionsonanexpedited 8  basis."3y݌$ t(#(# Ќ  ""3"  "32A3  0    AnoptionforupdatingSection309wouldeliminate51.309(d)(5)(ii)and(iii)  L  (significancefindingandemissionsbudgets)andmodifytheprovisionsof  8  51.309(d)(5)(_i_)torequireashowingofcontinuousreductionofmobilesourceemissions $  ofVOC,_NOx_,PM2.5,elementalandorganiccarbonfortheperiod20032018."3!݌ (#(# Ќ  0  Iftotalmobilesourceemissions(onroadplusnonroad)ofanypollutantarenot   projectedtocontinuouslydeclinefrom2003through2018(evaluatedin5year   increments),stateswouldberequiredtosubmitanimplementationplanrevisionbyno p laterthanDecember31,2008containinganynecessarylongtermstrategiestoachievea \ continuousdeclineinmobilesourceemissionsofthepollutanttotheextentpracticable, H consideringeconomicandtechnologicalreasonablenessandapplicablestateauthority.4(#(# ""3"  "32A3  0    Mobilesourceemissionsincludetailpipeandevaporativeemissionsfromonroadand  \ nonroadmobilesources(roaddustiscoveredseparatelyunderSection309)."3+݌H(#(# Ќ  ""3 "  "3i2A3  0    Anapproachotherthan continuousreductionisneededforSO2.Currentregulations   willdramaticallyreducesulfurinonroadgasolineanddieselfuelby2008.EPAs   forthcomingproposalfornonroad,heavydutydieselsourcesisexpectedtoincludea  requirementfor15_ppm_Ԁsulfurinnonroaddieselfuel,alongwithmorestringentengine  standardswhichwillreduceemissionsof_NOx_ԀandPM.Oncea15_ppm_Ԁsulfurlevelis  reached,thereislittleopportunitytofurtherreduceSO2emissionsandsomesmall l increaseinemissionswillbegintooccurduetogrowth.So,ashowingofcontinuous X  emissiondeclineforSO2isnotpossible."3i݌D!(#(# Ќ  ""3 "  "3!2A3  0    ItisnotclearwhetherEPAsforthcomingrulewillincludestandardsforsulfurindiesel #l! fuelusedincommercialmarinevesselsandlocomotivesasrecommendedintheWRAPs $X" recentlettertoEPAonthisissue."3!!݌$D #(#(# Ќ    SO2Emissions(_tpd_)12States(CAnumbersinparentheses):  &"% 9    ` ONROAD0  0h$$NONROAD@15_ppm_ *0h$h$ PLANES,TRAINS,&SHIPS (#'$$ 9 2003 0  0` (#(#77.80 ` (#` (#(10.7)0 (# (#0h(#(#144.20h(#h(#(77.0)0(#(#0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#123.50x (# (#(80.8))$(x(#x(#  2008 0  0` (#(#9.60 ` (#` (#(5.3)0 (# (#0h(#(#XX(Needtoaddestimatesfor#X X]&#*%)h(#h(#  2013 0  0` (#(#10.80 ` (#` (#(5.6)0 (# (#0h(#(#XX 2008and2013.)#X XR'#t+&*h(#h(#  2018 0  0` (#(#11.90 ` (#` (#(6.0)0 (# (#0h(#(#1.10h(#h(#(8.8)0(#(#0p(#(#0p(#p(#0 (#(#140.20x (# (#(82.6)d,'+x(#x(# XX *Notincludingplanes,trains,andboats#X X(# T-(, Note:CAemissionsprojectionsaredevelopedusingaseparatemodel. .h)-  /@+/ ""3 "  "3)2A3  0    EPAsforthcomingnonroadstandardsareexpectedtoreduce_NOx_ԀandPMfromnon  roadequipmentbyasmuchas90%beginningwithmodelyear2008or2010.Inthe  absenceofthesenewstandards,thecontributiontovisibilityimpairmentintheWestfrom  nonroadmobilesourceswillcontinuetobeanissue.TheWRAPhasstateditssupport t forexpeditiousimplementationofstringentnewregulationsforheavydutydieselnon ` roadenginesandnonroaddieselfuelthataresimilarinstringencytothoseforheavy L  duty,onroadmobilesources.TheWRAPsentalettertoEPAtothiseffectonJanuary 8  28,2003andEPAhasrespondedwithanindicationthatthenewruleswillbeproposed $ t soon."3)*݌ `(#(# Ќ  @tt NonroadEmissionsin2018asapercentageoftotalmobilesourceemissions(13states)   8    VOC0 ` 0 ` (#` (#37%0 (# (#(Planes,trainsandships7%)$ (#(#   _NOx_0 ` 0 ` (#` (#61%0 (# (#(Planes,trainsandships34%) (#(#   PM2.50 ` 0 ` (#` (#73%0 (# (#(Planes,trainsandships26%) (#(#   SO2 ` 0 93%0 (# (#(Planes,trainsandships89%) (#(#   (XX assumes15_ppm_ԀSinnonrddieselbutnotforplanes,trains,orboats)#X X0#   ""3 "  "312A3  0    EPAsforthcomingrulemayrequiresomelevelofsulfurreductionforcommercial \ marineandlocomotivefuel(not15_ppm_),buttherumorsconflictonthispoint."311݌H(#(# Ќ  ""3 "  "332A3  0     OptionsforSO2(alternativetocontinuousdecline): "33I3݌ p(#(# Ќ  0  Option#1L(#(# 0  Requireademonstrationthatstatewide2018mobilesourceSO2emissions(onroadplus $ nonroad,butexcludingaircraft,commercialmarine,andlocomotives)willbeatleast  75%lowerthan2003levels.(#(# 0  Thisshowingcouldbemadeinthe2003_SIPs_Ԁassuming15_ppm_ԀSinnonroaddiesel.  Theproposednonroadruleisexpectedinthenextfewmonths,withafinalruletofollow p inaboutoneyear.AnEPAproposedrulewouldprovideasolidbasisforincludingthis \  assumptioninthe_SIPs_,withfinalapprovalofthe_SIPs_Ԁcontingentonpassageofthefinal H! nonroadrulewitha15_ppm_Ԁstandardfornonroaddieselfuel.Iftheproposedruledoes 4"  notincludea15_ppm_Ԁstandard,thisoption(the%reduction)couldbemodified  #p! accordingly. $\"(#(# 0  Ifafederalruleisnotadopted,itwillnotbepossibleforstatestomakethedemonstration %4!$ requiredunderthisoptionintheir2003plans.Stateswouldthenberequiredtosubmitan & "% implementationplanrevisionbynolaterthanDecember31,2008containinglongterm ' #& strategiestoreducemobilesourceemissionsofSO2totheextentpracticable,considering (#' economicandtechnologicalreasonablenessandapplicablestateauthority.)$((#(#   *%) 0  Inthiscase,stateswouldnotbelookingtotheonroadsectorforfurtherSO2reductions  (thiswouldbemadeclearintherule).Stateswouldhavetoexamineopportunitiesto  reducesulfurinnonroaddiesel,includingpassageofstatestandardsforlowsulfurnon  roaddieselfuel.SomehavesuggestedthattheCleanAirActprohibitsstatesfrom t regulatingsulfurinnonroadfuelforvisibility,butSection211(c)(4)oftheCleanAirAct ` seemstoapplyonlytoonroadfuel.SuchstatestandardswereadoptedbyTexasin2001 L  andapprovedbyEPA.EPAhasindicatedthatstatescanregulatesulfurinnonroadfuel.8 (#(# 0  VariousWRAPparticipantshaveobjectedtoaspectsofthisoption: `(#(# 0  !Someobjecttoincludingprovisionsthatrelyon,asyet,_unpromulgated_Ԁfederal  8  regulations.Concernthatthiscouldresultin boutiquefuelstandardsasopposedtoa $  uniformfederalstandard. (#(# 0  !Othersobjecttothelanguageregarding applicablestateauthorityduetoconcernsthat   thiscouldleadtoinactionatthestatelevelintheeventthatthenewfederalstandardsare   notforthcoming.p(#(# 0  Option#2H(#(# 0  Requireademonstrationthatstatewide2018mobilesourceSO2emissions(onroadplus  p nonroad,butexcludingaircraft,commercialmarine,andlocomotives)arenohigherthan  \ 2003levels.H(#(# 0  Presumably,thisshowingcouldbemadeinthe2003SIPwithoutassuming15_ppm_ԀSin   nonroaddiesel.Wedonothaveemissionsmodelingyetforthisscenario,butitcouldbe   obtainedinthenextfewweeks.(#(# ""3"  "3C2A3  0    AnotheroptionisfortheWRAPtorecommendnotpursuinganyupdatestothemobile  sourceprovisionsofSection309andforstatestousethetechnicalinformationdeveloped l bytheWRAPtoaddressthemobilesourceprovisionsofSection309astheyexisttoday."3CC݌X (#(# Ќ  ""3"  "3E2A3  0    Followupneededtocompletetechnicalanalysis:"3EE݌0" (#(# Ќ  ""3"    "3gF2A3  0 `   Determineandimplementamethodfor_EC_ԀandOCinventoriesoreliminatethem $X" fromthelistofpollutantssincetheyarealreadycoveredunderPM2.5."3gFF݌$D #` (#` (# Ќ    ""3"    "3G2A3  0 `   Rerunnonroadmodelwithout15_ppm_ԀSassumptionandseeifitshowsnonet &"% increasefrom2003levelsin2018.ThiswillalsogiveusfinalnumbersonPM2.5 '#& fortheshowingofcontinuousreduction.